The hidden hand behind the Islamic State militants? Saddam Hussein’s. - WP | The 'seeds of Iraq's unraveling' were sown in 2003, not 2010 (+video)

The 'seeds of Iraq's unraveling' were sown in 2003, not 2010 (+video)

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The dangerous fantasy that Iraq was on the brink of a new democratic era in 2010 – if only the Obama administration had leaned harder on Iraq's politicians – just won't die. And it's a matter of more than historical interest, with America announcing today further support for Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen, and amid ongoing efforts to find a military solution to the civil war in Syria. 
The oft-told premise is that the US had enormous amounts of "leverage" over Iraqi politicians that Barack Obama simply refused to exercise and that had he done so, he would have left Iraq safe and prosperous, and prevented the rise of the Islamic State. And so you end far from the Obama-era notion that "getting neck deep in Middle Eastern wars can be a dangerous thing." 
Perhaps the politicians and people of Libya, or Syria, or Yemen, will prove to be clay in the hands of a future American leader too? Which implies what what went wrong in Iraq was merely the wrong president, at the wrong time. At least, that's the impression given from reading the works of powerful people who were involved in the US war effort in Iraq from 2003-2010.
Emma Sky's piece for Politico today – How Obama Abandoned Democracy in Iraq – is the latest entry in the genre. Ms. Sky worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority at the start of the Iraq occupation and then from 2007-2010 was the top political adviser to Gen. Ray Odierno, the senior US officer in Iraq. She tees her Politico piece up by saying that defeat in Iraq was snatched from the jaws of victory. (She now teaches at Yale's Jackson Institute for Global Affairs.)
"Recall that violence declined drastically during the 2007 U.S. troop surge, and that for the next couple of years both Iraq and the West felt that the country was going in the right direction," she writes. "But the seeds of Iraq’s unraveling were sown in 2010, when the United States did not uphold the election results and failed to broker the formation of a new Iraqi government. As an adviser to the top U.S. general in Iraq, I was a witness."
Sky's problem is that she imagines powers that the US – whether under Obama or any other president – simply doesn't have. Yes, the "surge" of tens of thousands of additional troops into Iraq, coupled with a new-found American willingness to pay Sunni Arab tribes to take up arms against Al Qaeda in Iraq, did tamp down the country's sectarian bloodletting. 
But that "security" was always going to be ephemeral without wise political leadership – from Iraqis. 

What does Sky mean by the US "upholding the election results?" Apparently the US should have forced the country's newly-elected parliament to give the premiership to former Baathist Iyad Allawi, whose coalition had won the most seats but far from an outright majority. 
Mr. Allawi's secular and Sunni-Arab leaning Iraqiya coalition had won 91 seats in parliament – 28 percent of the total – two seats ahead of the Shiite Islamist State of Law coalition, led by then Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Mr. Maliki had been supported in his rise to power by US officials, but fell out of favor due to his sectarian-governing style and friendly relations with Tehran.
While the Iraqi constitution said that Allawi had first pass at forming a governing a coalition, he didn't have a majority that could guarantee success. Such is parliamentary democracy. In the case of Iraq, there was also plenty of Iraqi politicking and maneuvering behind the scenes.
However, Sky suggests the US could have done something about it and alleges that then Ambassador Chris Hill had decided that Iraq needed a Shiite "strongman" and that Maliki fit the bill. 
She also says that Vice President Joe Biden backed Maliki during the coalition-building period, with the Obama administration worried about US political damage from extended political turmoil in Iraq. Perhaps. But she fails to offer a plausible explanation for why Iraq's Shiite Islamist parties (once State of Law hooked up with the second largest Shiite political block they controlled 49 percent of seats) would have allowed a leader hostile to their interests to take power.
The Bush administration had already signed a binding agreement with Maliki to leave the country at the end of 2011, and from the perspective of Maliki and his people, the US no longer had much of value to give them. By starting the story in 2010, Sky tries to blame the State Department and the Obama White House for what's become of Iraq. This is misleading. 
Al Qaeda in Iraq came to be after the US invaded in March 2003, removing a Sunni Arab strongman who hated jihadis as much as he oppressed Iraq's Shiite Arab majority. Al Qaeda in Iraq gave birth to the Islamic State, one of the most potent Sunni jihadi forces in history.
With the destruction of the secular Baath regime and Iraq's army, followed by an aggressive lustration campaign that threw tens of thousands of Iraqi civil servants and officers out of work, the US created a Sunni resistance army in waiting that didn't wait for very long. With the emergence of the clandestine Shiite Islamist parties from the shadows – many of whose leaders had survived the brutality of the Hussein years under Iran's protection – a sectarian mindset was almost inevitable for Iraq's new politics.
By 2010, when Sky writes that Iraqis were yearning for sectarian reconciliation, at least 150,000 people lay dead, tortured to death with drills, killed with their families by IEDs in markets, or killed by the massive car bombs that ripped through mosques during Friday prayers.
Reconciliation was in fact a very tough sell in a country that had gone through so much sectarian trauma, so recently.
Read the whole story

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Page 8

The Iraq War: Bush’s Biggest Blunder

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History is beset by military blunders, from Napoleon's attempt to conquer Russia to America's decision to invade Iraq. But do leaders learn from the mistakes of others?
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The authors of the RAND Corporation report Blinders, Blunders, and Wars: What America and China Can Learn look at eight examples of blunders -- and four cases where blunders were not made -- with the aim of warning leaders away from future blunders of their own.
Here is the authors’ take on the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003.
States like [Iraq, Iran, and North Korea] and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil. . . . By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing danger. . . . I will not wait on events while dangers gather.
—President George W. Bush, State of the Union, January 29, 2002
For us, war is always the proof of failure and the worst of solutions, so everything must be done to avoid it.
—President Jacques Chirac to a joint session of the French and German parliaments, January 2003
President George W. Bush’s decision to invade Iraq on March 20, 2003, was not a blunder on the scale of those of Napoleon, Hitler and Tojo.
There was a case to be made on several grounds for operations against Saddam Hussein. The initial phase of combat was highly successful, and some still argue that the American investment was worth the cost of toppling the Saddam regime.
Bush was reelected in November of 2004 as much because of as despite his invasion of Iraq. His subsequent 2007 decision to launch the “surge” did limit some of the damage.
The main premise for the war was that Saddam had weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and that these were at risk of falling into the hands of terrorists. In the end, however, there were no such weapons, and Saddam’s links to al Qaeda were unproven. This robbed the invasion of legitimacy.
The insurgency that ensued after initial combat operation robbed the invasion of success. Today, the United States has less influence in Baghdad than Iran does. Iraq is a Shia-dominated state with an alienated Sunni minority, rampant violence and virtually no control over the Kurdish north. At least 134,000 Iraqis died as a direct result of the American invasion, and the violence there continues.
Violent Salafists from Syria and elsewhere have swept through the Sunni areas of Iraq, routing the Iraqi army, seizing important cities and declaring an Islamist caliphate. There were no U.S. military forces available in Iraq to support the Iraqi army.
The Kurds have taken the oil-rich contested city of Kirkuk and hinted at the possibility of separating from the Iraqi state. The United States has been compelled to send military advisors back to Iraq, and it may no longer have enough influence with any of the parties or in Baghdad to preserve a unified state.
Meanwhile, the Afghan conflict was neglected for half a decade. Allied trust in America was eroded, and attitudes about the United States in the Muslim world were poisoned. Some 4,486 American service personnel were killed and more than thirty thousand wounded. The total financial cost by some estimates could approach $2 trillion. Largely because of Iraq, the U.S. public has become very skittish about overseas U.S. combat deployments, especially involving ground forces.5
Major errors included misinterpretation and misuse of intelligence on Iraq’s WMD capability, unwillingness to give WMD inspectors time to conclude their work, peremptory diplomacy that damaged the Atlantic Alliance, and failure to properly anticipate what would happen in post-conflict Iraq.
When George W. Bush entered office, “nation building” was anathema.
During the 1990s, the United States would have preferred regime change in Baghdad, but it settled for containment. The 1991 Gulf War ended after one hundred hours of combat with Saddam still in power. Afterward, President George H. W. Bush signed a covert-action “finding” authorizing the CIA to topple the Saddam regime.
During the Bill Clinton administration, no-fly zones in the north and south of Iraq kept Saddam’s aircraft grounded in an effort to protect the Kurds and Shias. In February 1998, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright confirmed that U.S. strategy toward Saddam was containment, arguing that removing Saddam would be too costly and that fomenting a coup would create false expectations.6
In October 1998, however, Clinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act, providing funds for the Iraqi opposition. Later in 1998, Clinton authorized a four-day bombing campaign designed to strike Iraqi WMD sites.7 But the Clinton administration never contemplated an invasion of Iraq.
When the George W. Bush administration entered office, its initial focus was on China and military transformation. “Nation building” was anathema. CIA threat briefings concentrated on al Qaeda, not Iraq,8 though efforts to have the new administration deal with al Qaeda failed.
Well before the September 11 attacks, officials at the Pentagon, led by Deputy Secretary Paul Wolfowitz, quietly began to consider military options against Saddam. Deputy National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley developed a policy of phased pressure on Iraq, which included ratcheting up many of the measures used by the Clinton administration, such as sanctions, weapons inspectors, and aid to the opposition.9
That all changed on September 11, 2001.10 Initially, Bush, Wolfowitz and others thought that Iraq might be behind the attacks.11 So did a large majority of the American people, a belief reinforced by the speculation of administration officials.
It became clear that this was not the case, as Bush finally revealed,12 but for many this connection stuck. The first order of business was to destroy al Qaeda in Afghanistan, but the case against Iraq moved rapidly to the front burner. Bush indicated that as soon as the Taliban were driven from Afghanistan, he would turn his attention to Saddam.13
After 9/11, the CIA began to highlight Saddam’s WMD capabilities.
The case for invasion resembled a layer cake. At the base was the acute sense of imminent national danger caused by the September 11 attacks. A rogue regime with WMDs and ties to terrorists aroused fear of a much more devastating attack on the U.S. homeland.
Saddam had shown himself for the ruthless villain he was. He had used chemical weapons against his own people and against Iranian troops in the 1980s. He had invaded Kuwait and started a bloody war against Iran. He perpetually threatened Israel. He refused to implement at least ten UN Security Council resolutions aimed at ending his WMD programs and had expelled weapons inspectors in 1998.
In the aftermath of September 11, the CIA began to highlight Saddam’s WMD capabilities. The director of central intelligence, George Tenet, revealed eight ways that Saddam might develop a nuclear capability and called the WMD case against Saddam a “slam dunk.”14
The CIA had missed several indications that might have given specific warning about the September 11 attack and was not about to be caught off guard again.15 Because the Bush administration had not acted on more-general intelligence warnings of the al Qaeda threat to the U.S. homeland, it would take any future warning much more seriously.
This sense of immediate and extreme danger was amplified in the wake of the September 11 attacks by two other events that cemented the link between WMDs and terrorism. Soon after September 11, anthrax spores were mailed to the U.S. Congress and others, killing five people. Intelligence reports indicated, wrongly it turned out, that Saddam had weaponized anthrax, although he was not suspected of initiating these particular attacks.
If the US could change the regime in Baghdad, it might create a new model of democracy in the Middle East.
Also, the CIA received reports that Osama bin Laden was seeking “dirty” (i.e., radiological) bomb capability, possibly from Pakistan.16 Public concern grew, U.S. hardware stores began to run out of duct tape and pharmacies ran short of ciprofloxacin.
In considering war on Iraq, the sibling of danger was opportunity.17 Some of the neoconservatives around Wolfowitz had held mid-level jobs in the administration of George H. W. Bush. They had seen efforts at regime change work when the United States invaded Panama to topple Manuel Noriega in 1989, when Eastern Europeans cast communism aside that same year, when the Soviet Union itself collapsed in 1991, and when the Bulldozer Revolution toppled the Serbian strongman Slobodan Milosevic in the wake of the Kosovo War.
Emboldened by these successes, this group now saw the opportunity to press for forcible regime change in Iraq.
Meanwhile, there was growing recognition that U.S. military power was in a class of its own. The United States had developed new military technologies and tactics that Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld championed as defense transformation.
These included data networking, accurate and voluminous intelligence, instantaneous command and control, and precision strike. Developed in the 1980s and 1990s, they had been on display during Desert Storm and more recently in Afghanistan, where this “military transformation” technology toppled the Taliban regime effortlessly and created a sense of total American military dominance.
By contrast, the Iraqi military had suffered contractions of 35 percent in its army and 60 percent in its air force since before Desert Storm.18 Iraq stood no chance in a force-on-force war.
The thinking went that if the United States could change the regime in Baghdad, it might create a new model of democracy in the Middle East. After all, democracy was on the rise globally in what the political scientist Samuel Huntington called the Third Wave.
Just as it was flourishing throughout Eastern Europe and Latin America, it could take hold in Iraq and serve as a model for the Arab world. Democracy in the Middle East would be a geostrategic game changer, foster stability in that strife-ridden region, and provide America’s ally Israel with a much more secure environment.19
The fact that Saddam “tried to kill [his] dad” weighed on Bush’s decision making.
In addition, a new regime in Iraq would allow the United States to remove its troops from Saudi Arabia, where they fueled extremism, and to have another friendly source of oil.20 Converting Iraq from an adversary to a friend could also strengthen the U.S. hand—and even provide military bases—against Iran.21
A third and related line of thinking that led to war was a prevailing sense of unfinished business with Saddam—namely, his removal—that needed closure. The United States had been waging a low-grade undeclared war against Saddam since Desert Storm ended as part of its containment strategy. As part of Operations Northern Watch and Southern Watch, the U.S. Air Force flew daily missions over 60 percent of Iraqi territory and was often fired upon, though never hit.22
Other anti-Saddam options seemed to be failing. France and Russia were not cooperating with international sanctions and funds were being diverted by Saddam from the Oil-for-Food Programme to buy arms. In January 2002 the CIA presented Vice President Dick Cheney with an assessment that Saddam had created a nearly perfect security apparatus that made the prospects of a successful coup nearly impossible.23
This unfinished business concerned Bush directly. Saddam had earlier tried to have assassins attack his father while on a Middle East trip. The fact that Saddam “tried to kill [his] dad” evidently weighed on his decisionmaking.24
The concept of preemptive war was deeply flawed.
Finally, after September 11, forcing a regime change in Baghdad made good political sense for the Republicans. The attack on Afghanistan had bipartisan and international support. But the administration needed to be seen as doing more in its declared global war on terror. By going after Saddam they would be well positioned to “wrap themselves in the flag” and compensate for missing the September 11 attacks.25
The 2000 Republican platform had already set the stage by calling for a comprehensive plan to remove Saddam, though without specifically referring to an invasion.26 After September 11, the use of force against Saddam would be difficult for Democrats to protest.
From this logic developed a new national security doctrine of preemptive war. Bush made the case for this during a June 2002 speech at West Point, arguing that the United States could not rely on Cold War concepts such as deterrence and containment to deal with terrorists who are willing to commit suicide for their cause. Neither could it afford to wait for a rogue regime to transfer WMDs to others or gain a decisive capability to harm the United States. It had a responsibility to preempt if necessary.27
During his UN General Assembly speech in September 2002, Bush tied the doctrine of preemption to Iraq, noting “with every step the Iraqi regime takes towards gaining and deploying the most terrible weapons, our own options to confront that regime will narrow.”28
This concept was formalized in the September 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States of America, which said: “We cannot let our enemies strike first.  . . . The overlap between states that sponsor terror and those that pursue WMD compels us to action.”29 The new strategy had general application, but in the context of 2002 it provided the specific strategic justification for an invasion of Iraq.
This concept, born of danger and opportunity, was deeply flawed. The case for Saddam having WMDs turned out to be wrong, and Saddam never had close ties to Sunni terrorists. The preemption doctrine lacked international legitimacy and undermined international trust in the United States.
And yet this flawed concept drove the Bush administration to an early and uncoordinated decision for war, brushing aside the need for analysis, distorting intelligence, marginalizing senior officers who raised doubts and neglecting postconflict stabilization requirements.
Hawks, Doves, Diplomats and the Decider
It is not clear exactly when Bush decided to invade Iraq. Even before the inauguration, Cheney asked outgoing Secretary of Defense William Cohen to provide Bush with a briefing focused on Iraq. Wolfowitz was pushing for military seizure of Iraq’s oil fields, which Secretary of State Colin Powell is reported to have called “lunacy.”30
Rumsfeld raised the possibility of an invasion on September 11, 2001, as a potential “opportunity.”31 On September 17, Bush told his advisors: “I believe Iraq was involved.”32 Some in the administration felt that al Qaeda would be unable to organize an attack like September 11 without a state sponsor. With little intelligence to support this assertion, the administration continued to repeat that claim.33
A week after the attack, Wolfowitz began sending memos to Rumsfeld making the case for an attack on Iraq.34 Cheney soon began talking about Iraq as a threat to peace.35 Bush told the British prime minister, Tony Blair, in mid-September that Iraq was not the immediate problem.36 But that changed after the fall of Kabul.37
On November 21, 2001, Bush asked that the war plan for Iraq be secretly updated, which shocked the military.38 By the end of December 2001, Central Command (CENTCOM) Commander Tommy Franks was at the Bush ranch in Crawford, Texas, briefing the President and his national security team on the war plan.39
This early planning did not necessarily reflect a final decision: Some saw it as part of a two-track effort to rid Saddam of his WMDs by using diplomacy and military threats to give diplomacy teeth. But within the next six months, the cement began to dry.
Some speculate that Cheney’s change of heart was caused by his bypass operation.
In March of 2002, Bush informally told a group of senators: “We’re taking him [Saddam] out.”40 That same month, Cheney told Senate Republicans that “the question was no longer if the U.S. would attack Iraq, the only question was when.”41 By late July 2002, the British chief of intelligence returned from Washington concluding that military action against Saddam now seemed inevitable.42
National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice “brushed back” State Department concerns about invasion, saying that “the president had made up his mind.”43
The three camps in the administration regarding Iraq might be called the hawks, the doves, and the diplomats.44 The hawks were led intellectually by Wolfowitz. Bureaucratically they formed the leading position within the Bush administration in 2002, with Cheney dominating the White House and Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz controlling Defense.
Wolfowitz thought it was a mistake in 1991 to have allowed Saddam to attack Iraq’s Shia population after Desert Storm and had favored a demilitarized zone enforced by the United States. Powell opposed him. In the late 1990s, both Wolfowitz and Rumsfeld, out of office, continued to call for Saddam’s overthrow.45 Wolfowitz’s model in 2002 was the Holocaust, believing that a tyrant who attacks his own people will eventually export that terror.46
Cheney had been a pragmatic internationalist while serving in the George H. W. Bush administration; but according to Brent Scowcroft, he had changed.47 Some speculate that it was his bypass operation, others that it was the psychological impact of being in the White House during the September 11 attacks. Cheney had daily contact with Bush and was his closest advisor on national security matters.
The doves were anything but 1960s tie-dyed peaceniks.
Cheney was described during this period as having a “disquieting obsession” and acting as a powerful “steamrolling force.”48 Rumsfeld also strongly supported military intervention, but his principal role was to think about details of the coming conflict and continually refine the war plan to conform it to his notion of military transformation.49
The hawks in government were supported by a combination of neoconservative colleagues and people with connections to the Middle East. Prime among them was a slick American-educated mathematician Iraqi expatriate named Ahmed Chalabi, who was head of the Iraqi National Congress and hoped to return as Saddam’s successor. Wolfowitz gave Chalabi access and Chalabi provided intelligence that turned out to be of highly questionable veracity.50
The doves were anything but 1960s tie-dyed peaceniks. They were generally influential pragmatic leaders who were not in the administration. They included the chairman of Bush’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, Brent Scowcroft; the former CENTCOM commander Anthony Zinni, and the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, Ike Skelton.
Scowcroft “went public” in August 2002, telling Face the Nation that war with Iraq would be an unnecessary and bad choice that would seriously harm international cooperation against terrorism.51 Zinni’s alternative model was Vietnam. He had been badly wounded there and wanted to make sure the cause was just before sending young Americans into harm’s way.
12_23_Blinders"Blinders, Blunders and Wars" by David C. Gompert, Hans Binnendijk, Bonny Lin Rand Corporation
The Joint Chiefs cut off debate about the wisdom of an invasion.
While at CENTCOM, he had seen no intelligence that Saddam had WMDs. He wanted evidence. He also felt that those pushing for war had no idea that the war might last ten years.52 Skelton sent Bush multiple questions about the cost and duration of the occupation, noting that he should not “take the first step without considering the last.” Skelton was told that the administration did not need his vote.53
Within the military, several senior officers, including Lieutenant General Gregory Newbold and General Eric Shinseki, demonstrated concern about the force structure needed for the operation. But in the fall of 2002, the Joint Chiefs cut off any further debate about the wisdom of an invasion.54 Most in the military were compliant with Rumsfeld’s directions.
The diplomats tended to see the same problems that the doves saw, but many were serving in the State Department or wanted to preserve their standing with the administration. Once it became clear that Bush was on a track to war, they sought to find a diplomatic exit or, failing that, to garner international support and create legitimacy for an invasion. This group included Powell and former secretaries Henry Kissinger, James Baker, and Lawrence Eagleburger.55
On August 5, 2002, Powell advised the President that the United States should only attack Iraq if it had a UN Security Resolution authorizing such action. Powell hoped that a UN resolution might force Saddam to back down from his intransigence on WMD inspections—which it in fact did. Powell also told Bush that the United States would “own” Iraq after an invasion and that it would dominate all other foreign- policy initiatives.
Bush’s decision-making style was based on his gut instincts.
Bush did not back down from his decision to proceed toward war, but he did agree to give a UN resolution a try. The diplomats may have delayed the invasion by half a year by seeking UN authorization, but once a modest UN resolution was achieved, they lost the ability to prevent war.
Foreign leaders also lined up as hawks and doves. The most important hawk was Blair, who was weary of letting a gap open with American policy.56 Spain’s prime minister, José María Aznar, lined up with Blair, while the French president, Jacque Chirac, and the German chancellor, Gerhard Schroeder, eventually opposed invasion. Getting the international consensus Powell wanted would not be easy.
Bush considered himself to be “the decider.” After September 11, he seemed “reborn as a crusading internationalist who had embraced Woodrow Wilson’s vision of a democratic world and who was willing to use America’s military might to make it happen.”57
Bush’s decision-making style was based on his gut instincts.58 His snap judgment that somehow Saddam was behind September 11, or might be behind the next attack on America, remained with him. Bush felt that September 11 was the “Pearl Harbor of the 21st Century,”59 and that his new and transcending purpose as president was to prevent another, possibly worse, one.60
That early decision solidified during the first half of 2002. Bush was quick to reach decisions, and, once reached, he saw change as a sign of weakness.61 After he reached an early decision on war, he was prepared to try a UN resolution, but not change his fundamental course. He would not let Saddam’s new willingness in 2003 to open up to WMD inspectors stop him from invading.62
Rice was Bush’s closest confidant. Her primary interest was protecting the President and translating his wishes into policy. But she did not develop the decision-making process needed to analyze and debate the wisdom and implications of going to war. According to Powell, there was no moment when all views and recommendations were aired.63
Nor was there much White House interest in complicated analysis: “They already knew the answers, it was received wisdom.”64 There was “no meeting with pros and cons debated. . . . If there was a debate inside the Bush Administration, it was one- sided and muted.”65 The urgent sense of danger, the instinct to be bold and the vision of transforming the Middle East trumped debate and analysis.
RTR203G0Demonstrators with the Iraq Campaign 2008 raise a banner declaring "Mission Accomplished?" on the fifth anniversary of U.S. President George W. Bush's "Mission Accomplished" speech which declared an end to major hostilities in Iraq during a rally on Pennsylvania Avenue in Front of the White House in Washington, DC, May 1, 2008. Joshua Roberts/Reuters
The worst U.S. intelligence failure since the founding of the modern intelligence community.
Shortly after the September 11 attacks, Tenet presented Bush with a list of countries malevolent enough to help al Qaeda get a dirty bomb: Iraq was on the top of that list. That notion had a profound impact on Bush.66 Bush said: “I made my decision [for war] based upon enough intelligence to tell me that [our] country was threatened with Saddam Hussein in power.”67
The case for Saddam’s complicity in September 11, or at least for his strong ties with terrorist organizations, was weak.68 The case for his possession of WMDs appeared stronger and drove decision-making. After all, he had used chemical weapons against the Iranians and the Kurds in the 1980s.
But the intelligence was wrong. Iraq had gotten rid of its WMDs. Some say this was the worst U.S. intelligence failure since the founding of the modern intelligence community.69
The intelligence that Bush and others received was based on outdated and incorrect evidence, material from untrustworthy human sources, and worst-case analysis.70 The United States had no reliable intelligence assets in Iraq.71 International WMD inspectors had been kicked out of Iraq since 1998; so in that sense Saddam brought this about himself.
The Pentagon was receiving intelligence from Chalabi, the Iraqi opposition politician, who had an ulterior motive, and from sources such as the aptly named “Curveball.” The Pentagon set up a one-off intelligence unit, called the Counter Terrorism Evaluation Group, which began producing “alarming interpretations of the murky intelligence about Saddam Hussein, WMD, and terrorism.”72 They were in essence cherry-picking the intelligence in order to draw links between al Qaeda and Iraq and thereby justify intervention.73
In July of 2002, British intelligence concluded that “the intelligence and facts were being fixed around the policy.”74 A State Department intelligence analyst concluded similarly that the administration was looking for evidence to support conclusions it had already drawn.75
The decision-makers and their staffs did not listen to WMD experts like Charles Duelfer, who argued that there was no significant remaining stockpile.76 In fact, they sought to have two intelligence officers removed whose analysis did not comport to their view of events.77
“We don’t want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud.”
CIA analysts were tasked to prepare a National Intelligence Estimate (NIE).78 They had just been embarrassed by missing the September 11 attacks. Now they were faced with the Pentagon’s autonomous intelligence unit, to which the Vice President was listening.
Before the intelligence community rendered its official verdict, Cheney was saying in August of 2002 that Saddam was pursuing a nuclear weapons program.79 Similarly, Rice told CNN: “We don’t want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud.”80
At the same time a series of leaks to The New York Times put this faulty intelligence on the front pages.81 So while there was no effort by the intelligence community to falsify evidence,82 all of the mistakes tilted in the same direction.83
The NIE was delivered in October 2002 and was considered by many as a warrant for going to war. It concluded, with caveats, that the Iraqis possessed chemical and biological weapons along with delivery systems and sought to reconstitute their nuclear program.84
The body of the NIE contained several qualifiers that were dropped in the executive summary. The fact that the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research disagreed with the conclusions was not highlighted.85 As the draft NIE went up the intelligence chain of command, the conclusions were treated increasingly definitively.86 Only the summary of the NIE was partially declassified, and it omitted most of the reservations and nonconforming evidence.87
The fact that the NIE concluded that there was no operational tie between Saddam and al Qaeda did not offset this alarming assessment.88 A year later, a Senate Select Committee on Intelligence report found that the NIE was wrong, that it overstated the case, that statements in it were not supported, and that intelligence was mischaracterized.89
Apart from being influenced by policymakers’ desires, there were several other reasons that the NIE was flawed. Evidence on mobile biological labs, aluminum tubing for uranium enrichment, uranium ore purchases from Niger and unmanned-aerial-vehicle delivery systems for WMDs all proved to be false.
It was produced in a hurry. Human intelligence was scarce and unreliable. While many pieces of evidence were questionable, the magnitude of the questionable evidence had the effect of making the NIE more convincing and ominous. The basic case that Saddam had WMDs seemed more plausible to analysts than the alternative case that he had destroyed them. And analysts knew that Saddam had a history of deception, so evidence against Saddam’s possession of WMDs was often seen as deception.90
Less than 10 percent of the Senate attended the debate at any one time.
The flawed NIE and associated press leaks had a profound impact on votes in Congress and at the United Nations. At first the administration sought to avoid congressional votes, arguing that they had adequate authority under the 1998 Iraq Liberation Act. Then, under pressure from Powell, they shifted ground and pressed for an immediate vote.
Senators and congressmen and women did raise substantial questions about the nature of the threat against the United States and the need for rapid congressional action. Senator Robert Byrd and Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi in particular questioned the urgency of the vote. Senators Richard Lugar, Paul Sarbanes, Chuck Hagel, John Kerry and Arlen Specter each asked a series of serious questions about the nature of the charges against Saddam. Senators John McCain and Joe Biden and House Majority Leader Dick Armey all questioned the thoroughness of intelligence briefings they received.91
However, less than 10 percent of the Senate attended the floor debate at any one time, causing Byrd to say that the chamber was “dreadfully silent.”92 The Republican-controlled House voted first, and then Senate Majority Leader  Tom Daschle announced that he would support the resolution on the grounds that it was time for Americans to speak with one voice on the issue.93
In October, a congressional resolution authorizing the President to use the armed forces of the United States to defend against the threat posed by Iraq passed with 296 yea votes in the House and 77 yea votes in the Senate.94  All but one Republican senator voted for the resolution.
Many Democrats recalled that a majority of their party voted against Desert Storm, to their regret, and they did not want to make that mistake again. Six Democrats who ultimately ran for President in 2004 and 2008 voted for the resolution.95
At the United Nations, the United States negotiated with France and others for eight weeks and on November 8 passed UN Security Council Resolution 1441 by a vote of fifteen to zero. The resolution, backed by American intelligence, declared Iraq to be in “material breach of cease fire terms” and gave Saddam a “final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations.”
But the resolution did not authorize “all necessary means”—that is to say, force—to be used. U.S. Ambassador John Negroponte agreed that another resolution would be necessary to authorize the United States to invade Iraq.
Iraq agreed to the resolution and opened its doors to inspection teams led by Hans Blix and Mohamed ElBaradei, who declared Iraq devoid of WMDs and released forty-three volumes of documentation to try to prove it.96 German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer argued that inspections were “moving in the right direction and. . . they should have all the time which is needed.”97
There was no annex in the plan for post-conflict operations.
Meanwhile, Under Secretary of Defense Douglas Feith reportedly told his administration colleagues that inspections were a hazard to the administration’s strategy and that they “cannot accept surrender.”98 The inspectors were unable to find any WMDs. But Blix reported to the UN on January 27 that Baghdad had not been forthcoming enough in its declarations.99 Later, in 2004, the U.S. Iraqi Survey Group concluded that Iraq had unilaterally destroyed its WMDs in 1991.100
Inspections were moving too slowly for the Bush team. The American military, which had already begun to deploy forces to the region, was in position to invade, and there was a narrowing window to attack before the weather became blisteringly hot.
In February 2003, Powell went to the UN with an intelligence brief based in large part on the flawed NIE. He concluded that the Iraqis were “concealing their efforts to produce more weapons of mass destruction.”101 Powell had made an extra effort to personally verify details of his speech with Tenet, and Powell’s own intelligence team pointed out several problems with the speech. But many errors nevertheless remained in the text.
Opposition to war was meanwhile mounting in Europe. Blair insisted on a second UN Security Council resolution to bring his country along, but the French feared that a resolution would just be a rubber stamp on a dubious U.S. case for war. In March, when the French threatened to veto a second resolution, Bush dropped the effort and gave Saddam a forty-eight-hour ultimatum to leave Iraq.
With apparently reliable intelligence that Saddam had been spotted on March 19, the attack began by targeting him personally.
In November 2001, at Rumsfeld’s direction, Franks began a series of revisions of Operation Plan (OPLAN) 1003, the war plan for the Persian Gulf. Franks’s emerging concept embraced Rumsfeld’s theory of military transformation, which focused on joint operations, information, speed and maneuver. By March 2002 Franks’s command was translating his concept into a plan.
Given Rumsfeld’s continual challenges to reduce the force structure and maximize the simultaneity of the attack, the new Hybrid 1003V plan emerged in the fall of 2002. Turkey decided it could not serve as a launch point for an attack from the north, so the plan was modified again for a multipronged attack from Kuwait.
There were massive defections in the Iraqi military as entire units deserted.
The plan focused on winning the war. There was no annex in the plan for post-conflict operations. That would be left up to a newly created Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA).102 The two-day ORHA rehearsal (“rock drill”) at the National Defense University just before the invasion demonstrated that postconflict planning was quite primitive.103
By March 19 the United States and its coalition partners had assembled 290,000 military personnel in the region; 116,000 were involved in the march to Baghdad.104 The march to Baghdad was “not only successful but peremptorily short.”105 There were massive defections in the Iraqi military as entire units deserted.
There was some tough fighting and sandstorms on the march up, but according to the historian John Keegan, there was “no real war.”106 Welcoming crowds of liberated Iraqis never formed. The Iraqi military and their Baathist leaders melted into the countryside, many taking their weapons with them.
On April 9, the U.S. Army occupied the banks of the Tigris River and the U.S. Marine Corps entered Baghdad. Saddam’s statue was toppled, marking the symbolic end of the combat phase of operations.107
What were anticipated to be relatively quick and easy post-conflict operations went badly. The ORHA team selected to administer post-conflict Iraq was soon replaced by the more robust Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA).
The CPA made several controversial decisions, which complicated Iraq’s reconstruction. It fired Baathists from the top layers of management in government departments; it formally dissolved the Iraqi army (which was in massive disarray anyway); and it shut down state-run enterprises to make way for private companies.
Although mistakes were made during implementation, many of the difficulties experienced by the United States in stabilizing, transforming and leaving Iraq can be traced to errors of commission and omission in the original decision to go to war. For the most part, these difficulties should have been anticipated based on what was known at the time, if not as probable than at least as possible.
Inadequate provision was made for the travail that would follow “mission accomplished.”
The post-invasion model in the minds of those who decided to invade was that Iraqis freed from Saddam’s despotic rule would work through a peaceful political process to create a unified, democratic and productive state that would serve as a model for others in the Arab world. The implication was that the demand for American occupation—troops, money, administration, and mediation—would be modest and brief.
If this view was naive, it also was expedient in gaining support for the decision to invade in the first place. To some extent, the proponents of invasion discouraged pre-invasion consideration of post-invasion risks lest it raise doubts or cause delay. In any case, they had unjustifiable confidence in an unrealistic script—namely, that once Iraqi forces were defeated, Baghdad was taken, and Saddam was removed, fighting would subside, a democratic state would emerge, and increased oil production would produce ample revenues to rebuild and transform the country’s infrastructure and industry. In any case, inadequate preparation and provision were made for the travail that would follow “mission accomplished.”
First, having ruled Iraq since colonial times, large segments of the Sunni minority resorted to armed resistance and then a full-blown insurgency. The U.S. government insisted that the persistent violence was merely the death throes of “former regime elements” and so would quickly run its course.
As the insurgency grew, it opened the door to both foreign and Iraqi religiously motivated terrorists (called “al Qaeda in Iraq”), who attacked the new state and the Shia population, especially soft targets such as mosques and pilgrimages. This then precipitated a Shia backlash in the form of death squads—some from within the Interior Ministry—who targeted not just Sunni terrorists and insurgents but Sunnis in general.
Meanwhile, Shia militias, buoyed by their new political clout and abetted by Iran, attacked the American occupiers.
The U.S. military was unprepared to deal with Sunni uprising, Shia violence, or Sunni-Shia warfare—let alone all three. Eventually, the United States had to increase its troop presence and remunerate Sunni sheikhs to root out insurgents and terrorists.
The failure, or refusal, to consider before the fact that invasion would trigger such turmoil helps explain why the United States left roughly half the forces in Iraq that independent experts and Army officers said would be needed. Those who dismissed such post-invasion dangers and needs were the very advocates of invasion.
The President was not the type to revisit a decision once made.
Besides having too few troops in the country, the U.S. government had programmed insufficient resources. The CPA was understaffed for the post-invasion upheaval it had to try to manage—after all, no such upheaval was anticipated, or its possibility was denied, when the decision to invade was made.
Inadequate funds were earmarked to train and employ the hundreds of thousands of former Iraqi soldiers, security forces, militias and resistance fighters who would have to be “disarmed, demobilized, and reintegrated.” As a consequence, there persisted to be large reservoirs of men ready to continue fighting for one side or another, for lack of alternative opportunities.
Compounding the problem of inadequate programmed resources, Iraqi oil revenues did not increase as hoped, mainly because production operations and transport were insecure.
On top of these difficulties, a shortage of competent Iraqis for government, industry and security forces arose because of the way the eradication of the Baath Party was managed. Chalabi and other Shiite partisans took control of de-Baathification and stripped important ministries, companies and security services of capable and needed Sunni professionals from top to bottom.
Predictably—though not predicted—disgruntled ex-Baathists joined the Sunni insurgency. All these problems of poor preparation contributed to and were aggravated by increasingly heavy-handed majoritarian Shiite rule and enhanced Iranian influence.
Post-invasion problems cost the United States dearly in lives, dollars, and goodwill in the Arab and Muslim worlds and beyond. There were plenty of warnings about what faced the United States in post-invasion Iraq. Both the intelligence community and the State Department’s Policy Planning Staff produced assessments of post-invasion Iraq that were largely ignored by administration decision-makers.108 And the military understood the requirements of post-invasion Iraq. The administration simply did not listen to the professional military, Foreign Service, or intelligence community.
While several of these problems resulted from mistakes in implementation, many can be traced to the decision to invade. Had the potential for these problems been confronted objectively, preparations could have been made, plans formulated and resources allocated and adequately provided.
However, the architects of war were either too confident to imagine them or, less innocently, afraid that a discussion of risks would undermine political, public, and media support for the invasion. Whether the decision-makers would have decided to invade if these contingencies and consequences had been flagged is moot.
As noted, the President in particular was not the type to revisit a decision once made. At a minimum, if such risks had been identified, they might have been mitigated and the terrible costs to the United States and Iraq might have been reduced.
Why It Went Wrong
The strategic environment immediately after September 11, 2001, was filled with a sense of urgency and imminent danger. Bush felt a heavy burden of responsibility for protecting the nation. Even after it was known that Saddam was not complicit in the attacks on America, there was concern that he might provide WMDs to terrorists, who would eagerly use them on America.
In this environment different factors conspired to lead Bush to a decision to pursue an optional war that most Americans believe in retrospect did much more harm than good to their interests.
The first factor was an effort by a group of neoconservatives in and out of government to seek opportunity in danger. They saw an opportunity to rid the Middle East of a dangerous dictator and create a new democratic model for the region. They shaped an attractive vision of what might be that turned out to be far from the mark.
The second was an effort by the Policy Counter Terrorism Evaluation Group in the Pentagon to cherry-pick selective intelligence from questionable sources and the subsequent failure of the actual intelligence community to prevent some of that questionable intelligence from making its way into the NIE and the public domain. That selected and dubious intelligence reinforced concerns about the danger posed to the United States by Saddam. Reservations carefully placed in the NIE by the intelligence community were buried in the body of the report.
The third was a sense of prowess and hubris from a string of successes by a transformed high-tech military that created the belief that expeditionary warfare is decisive, quick, easy, and low-cost.
The fourth was a dysfunctional and opaque decision-making process that rejected much analysis available in and out of government and that never formally brought the cabinet officers together to discuss the pros and cons of waging war.
The fifth was impatience on the part of the Bush team to wait for the results of the arms inspectors who were making progress in Iraq, results that could have obviated the need for war. That impatience led to lost support from key American allies, such as France and Germany.
The final flaw in the decision chain was the failure to prepare for a post-conflict occupation and stabilization program; that failing initially resulted in anarchy and then civil war.
Throughout, those who preconceived the war used information selectively, marginalized dissent and evaded analysis that could threaten their preconception. They had a compelling model, but it did not reflect reality.
Authors
David C. Gompert is an Adjunct Senior Fellowat the RAND Corporation, Hans Binnendijk, is a former National Security Council senior director for defense policy and an adjunct senior researcher at the non-partisan, non-profit RAND Corporation and Bonny Lin is an Associate Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation. This essay first appeared on the RAND Corporation’s website.
Sources
Sources used for this case include: Bob Woodward, Plan of Attack, New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004; Lawrence Freedman, A Choice of Enemies: America Confronts the Middle East, New York: PublicAffairs, 2008; Richard Haass, War of Necessity, War of Choice, New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009; Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor, Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, New York: Vintage Books, 2007; Thomas E. Ricks, Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2003 to 2005, New York: Penguin, 2007; Jervis, 2010; Betts, 2007; Pillar, 2011; Bing West and Ray Smith, The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine  Division, New York: Bantam, 2003; James Dobbins et al., Occupying Iraq: A History of the Coalition Provisional Authority, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MG-847, 2009; John Keegan, The Iraq  War, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004; Richard Clarke, Against All Enemies: Inside America’s War on Terror, New York: Free Press, 2004; Tommy Franks, American Soldier, Norwalk, Conn.: Easton Press, 2004; Alexander Thompson, Channels of Power, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2009.
This is a chapter from the RAND Corporation report Blinders, Blunders, and Wars: What America and China Can Learn. Other chapters contain assessments of: Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 1812; The American Decision to Go to War with Spain, 1898; Germany's Decision to Conduct Unrestricted U-boat Warfare, 1916; Woodrow Wilson's Decision to Enter World War I, 1917; Hitler's Decision to Invade the USSR, 1941; Japan's Attack on Pearl Harbor, 1941; U.S.-Soviet Showdown over the Egyptian Third Army, 1973; China's Punitive War Against Vietnam, 1979; The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979; The Soviet Decision Not to Invade Poland, 1981; and Argentina's Invasion of the Falklands (Malvinas), 1982.
You can download the complete report here:
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Hackers Exploiting ISIS Notoriety To Promote WordPress Hacks

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Self-described sympathisers of extremist group ISIS have hacked their way into websites to leave messages for visitors, the FBI has warned. The law enforcement agency said yesterday many sites were being attacked because of unpatched flaws in their WordPress content management systems.
But the FBI said the hackers, who were targeting WordPress plugins, were unlikely to be directly affiliated with ISIS, and were using the group’s notoriety to gain more attention for their illicit work. Though the techniques employed were not sophisticated, the FBI said “successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining unauthorized access, bypassing security restrictions, injecting scripts, and stealing cookies from computer systems or network servers. An attacker could install malicious software; manipulate data; or create new accounts with full user privileges for future website exploitation.”
Web security group Sucuri named two plugins that were being exploited by those brandishing the ISIS flag: RevSlider and GravityForms. Users can protect themselves by simply updating those plugins. “We are not aware of any new vulnerabilities in either of the plugins,” the group added in a blog post.
Regardless of their ties with the extremist group, ISIS and organisations with similar modus operandi have benefitted from those who have found their way into a large number of websites across the world in recent months, coinciding with their on-ground campaigns in Iraq, Syria and beyond. A UK government-owned site, used for checking air pollution levels, was yesterday hacked by a crew calling themselves the Moroccan Islamic Union-Mail. They left a message denouncing the British government’s involvement in the Iraq war, which was later removed by the Department of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA).
Hacked UK government website
Hacked UK government website – screenshot by Graham Cluley
It’s not just western organisations that are suffering as a result either. A recent report from intelligence organisation Group-IB showed as many as 600 Russian businesses and public bodies had been attacked by ISIS. Ilya Sachkov, CEO of Group-IB, said most ISIS-related hackers were not technically gifted, though some were “very qualified”. Most simply head on hacker forums and follow simple instructions available to anyone. “ISIS just repeats this stuff.”
He also believes that ISIS is using typical tactics of nation state hackers, such as buying up vulnerabilities and access to previously-hacked sites.
Researchers have uncovered various attacks ostensibly carried out by ISIS hackers. Many have been aimed at individuals across Syria, Iraq and nearby states. A report in December from Citizen Lab indicated ISIS used malware to try to find out the identity and location of its enemies. Groups such as Cyber Arabs have been offering assistance to those threatened.
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saddam hussein baath party - Google Search

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  1. Ba'ath Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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    The Arab Ba'ath Party merged with the Arab Socialist Party, led by Akram .... 1959, but the operation (which was led by a young Saddam Hussein) failed.
  2. Ba'athist Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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  3. Saddam Hussein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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    Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi  ...
  4. BBC NEWS | Middle East | The Iraqi Baath party

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    Mar 25, 2003 - The Iraqi Baath party was one of the tools by which Saddam Hussein maintained a tight grip on his country. The Arab Socialist Baath Party,  ...
  5. Ba'ath party - Infoplease

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    Ba'ath party , Arab political party, in Syria and in Iraq. ... Saddam Hussein, who succeeded al-Bakr in 1979, remained the titular leader of the Iraqi party until his  ...
  6. Saddam Hussein's Old Party Is Behind Iraq Chaos ...

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    Jun 18, 2014 - The Naqshbandis, located primarily in Mosul, were formed in 2007 by former members of Saddam Hussein's Baath party. Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri  ...
  7. Politics and Religion in Iraq and Syria: What is the Ba'ath ...

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    Jan 16, 2013 - The Ba'ath Party was made famous in the West by the late Iraqi dictator ...predecessor to Saddam Hussein, led the Ba'ath Party to victory in a  ...
  8. Ex-Saddam Baathists unite in Ninevah campaign - Al-Monitor

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    Jun 19, 2014 - The party member, who was an officer in the army of the late leader Saddam Hussein, said on condition of anonymity, “The Baath Party was  ...
  9. Iraq under the Ba'ath | The Majalla Magazine

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    Jun 26, 2012 - Saddam Hussein's Ba'ath Party dominated Iraq for over three decades. In this article, The Majalla examines how the party functioned as both  ...
  10. Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party - Amazon.com

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isis and baath party - Google Search

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  1. How Saddam's Former Soldiers Are Fueling the Rise of ISIS ...

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    Jun 18, 2014 - Reuters Photographer/REUTERSFormer Baathist Ibrahim Izzat al-Douri has emerged from hiding and is working alongside ISIS against the  ...
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    Jun 15, 2014 - Truth is, there's neither a Baath party nor Baathists since the war against Kuwait. These are now old terms that only represent a gathering of ...
  4. The Strange Irony Hidden Among The Highest Ranks Of ISIS

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    Sep 12, 2014 - While the Islamic State, formerly known as ISIS or ISIL, wants to create a ... "TheBaathists have a lot of blood on their hands -- they are no shrinking ..... it's easier to get people fired up about religion than it is political party.
  5. ISIS Is Run By Former Iraqi Generals … Many Are Members ...

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    Aug 27, 2014 - U.S. Mobilizes Allies to Widen Assault on ISIS AUG. ... that bars some former members of Mr. Hussein's Baath Party from government posts.
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    The hidden hand behind the Islamic State militants? Saddam Hussein’s.

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    Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, center, chairs a joint meeting of the Revolutionary Command Council and the regional command of the ruling Baath Party on Oct. 31, 1998. (Reuters)
    SANLIURFA, Turkey — When Abu Hamza, a former Syrian rebel, agreed to join the Islamic State, he did so assuming he would become a part of the group’s promised Islamist utopia, which has lured foreign jihadists from around the globe.
    Instead, he found himself being supervised by an Iraqi emir and receiving orders from shadowy Iraqis who moved in and out of the battlefield in Syria. When Abu Hamza disagreed with fellow commanders at an Islamic State meeting last year, he said, he was placed under arrest on the orders of a masked Iraqi man who had sat silently through the proceedings, listening and taking notes.
    Abu Hamza, who became the group’s ruler in a small community in Syria, never discovered the Iraqis’ real identities, which were cloaked by code names or simply not revealed. All of the men, however, were former Iraqi officers who had served under Saddam Hussein, including the masked man, who had once worked for an Iraqi intelligence agency and now belonged to the Islamic State’s own shadowy security service, he said.
    His account, and those of others who have lived with or fought against the Islamic State over the past two years, underscore the pervasive role played by members of Iraq’s former Baathist army in an organization more typically associated with flamboyant foreign jihadists and the gruesome videos in which they star.
    Even with the influx of thousands of foreign fighters, almost all of the leaders of the Islamic State are former Iraqi officers, including the members of its shadowy military and security committees, and the majority of its emirs and princes, according to Iraqis, Syrians and analysts who study the group.
    They have brought to the organization the military expertise and some of the agendas of the former Baathists, as well as the smuggling networks developed to avoid sanctions in the 1990s and which now facilitate the Islamic State’s illicit oil trading.

    Abu Hamza, a former Islamic State fighter is pictured in Sanliurfa, Turkey, in September 2014. He said that in Syria, local “emirs” are shadowed by an Iraqi deputy who makes the real decisions. (Alice Martins)
    In Syria, local “emirs” are typically shadowed by a deputy who is Iraqi and makes the real decisions, said Abu Hamza, who fled to Turkey last summer after growing disillusioned with the group. He uses a pseudonym because he fears for his safety.
    “All the decision makers are Iraqi, and most of them are former Iraqi officers. The Iraqi officers are in command, and they make the tactics and the battle plans,” he said. “But the Iraqis themselves don’t fight. They put the foreign fighters on the front lines.”

    The public profile of the foreign jihadists frequently obscures the Islamic State’s roots in the bloody recent history of Iraq, its brutal excesses as much a symptom as a cause of the country’s woes.
    The raw cruelty of Hussein’s Baathist regime, the disbandment of the Iraqi army after the U.S.-led invasion in 2003, the subsequent insurgency and the marginalization of Sunni Iraqis by the Shiite-dominated government all are intertwined with the Islamic State’s ascent, said Hassan Hassan, a Dubai-based analyst and co-author of the book “ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror.”
    “A lot of people think of the Islamic State as a terrorist group, and it’s not useful,” Hassan said. “It is a terrorist group, but it is more than that. It is a homegrown Iraqi insurgency, and it is organic to Iraq.”
    The de-Baathification law promulgated by L.­ Paul Bremer, Iraq’s American ruler in 2003, has long been identified as one of the contributors to the original insurgency. At a stroke, 400,000 members of the defeated Iraqi army were barred from government employment, denied pensions — and also allowed to keep their guns.
    The U.S. military failed in the early years to recognize the role the disbanded Baathist officers would eventually come to play in the extremist group, eclipsing the foreign fighters whom American officials preferred to blame, said Col. Joel Rayburn, a senior fellow at the National Defense University who served as an adviser to top generals in Iraq and describes the links between Baathists and the Islamic State in his book, “Iraq After America.”
    The U.S. military always knew that the former Baathist officers had joined other insurgent groups and were giving tactical support to the Al Qaeda in Iraq affiliate, the precursor to the Islamic State, he said. But American officials didn’t anticipate that they would become not only adjuncts to al-Qaeda, but core members of the jihadist group.
    “We might have been able to come up with ways to head off the fusion, the completion of the Iraqization process,” he said. The former officers were probably not reconcilable, “but it was the labeling of them as irrelevant that was the mistake.”
    Under the leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the Islamic State’s self-proclaimed caliph, the former officers became more than relevant. They were instrumental in the group’s rebirth from the defeats inflicted on insurgents by the U.S. military, which is now back in Iraq bombing many of the same men it had already fought twice before.
    Most Islamic State leaders were officers in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq
    Shared traits
    At first glance, the secularist dogma of Hussein’s tyrannical Baath Party seems at odds with the Islamic State’s harsh interpretation of the Islamic laws it purports to uphold.
    But the two creeds broadly overlap in several regards, especially their reliance on fear to secure the submission of the people under the group’s rule. Two decades ago, the elaborate and cruel forms of torture perpetrated by Hussein dominated the discourse about Iraq, much as the Islamic State’s harsh punishments do today.
    Like the Islamic State, Hussein’s Baath Party also regarded itself as a transnational movement, forming branches in countries across the Middle East and running training camps for foreign volunteers from across the Arab world.
    By the time U.S. troops invaded in 2003, Hussein had begun to tilt toward a more religious approach to governance, making the transition from Baathist to Islamist ideology less improbable for some of the disenfranchised Iraqi officers, said Ahmed S. Hashim, a professor who is researching the ties at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University.
    With the launch of the Iraqi dictator’s Faith Campaign in 1994, strict Islamic precepts were introduced. The words “God is Great” were inscribed on the Iraqi flag. Amputations were decreed for theft. Former Baathist officers recall friends who suddenly stopped drinking, started praying and embraced the deeply conservative form of Islam known as Salafism in the years preceding the U.S. invasion.
    In the last two years of Hussein’s rule, a campaign of beheadings, mainly targeting women suspected of prostitution and carried out by his elite Fedayeen unit, killed more than 200 people, human rights groups reported at the time.
    The brutality deployed by the Islamic State today recalls the bloodthirstiness of some of those Fedayeen, said Hassan. Promotional videos from the Hussein era include scenes resembling those broadcast today by the Islamic State, showing the Fedayeen training, marching in black masks, practicing the art of decapitation and in one instance eating a live dog.
    Some of those Baathists became early recruits to the al-Qaeda affiliate established by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the Palestinian Jordanian fighter who is regarded as the progenitor of the current Islamic State, said Hisham al Hashemi, an Iraqi analyst who advises the Iraqi government and has relatives who served in the Iraqi military under Hussein. Other Iraqis were radicalized at Camp Bucca, the American prison in southern Iraq where thousands of ordinary citizens were detained and intermingled with jihadists.
    Zarqawi kept the former Baathists at a distance, because he distrusted their secular outlook, according to Hashim, the professor.
    It was under the watch of the current Islamic State leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, that the recruitment of former Baathist officers became a deliberate strategy, according to analysts and former officers.
    Tasked with rebuilding the greatly weakened insurgent organization after 2010, Baghdadi embarked on an aggressive campaign to woo the former officers, drawing on the vast pool of men who had either remained unemployed or had joined other, less extremist insurgent groups.
    Some of them had fought against al-Qaeda after changing sides and aligning with the American-backed Awakening movement during the surge of troops in 2007. When U.S. troops withdrew and the Iraqi government abandoned the Awakening fighters, the Islamic State was the only surviving option for those who felt betrayed and wanted to change sides again, said Brian Fishman, who researched the group in Iraq for West Point’s Combating Terrorism Center and is now a fellow with the New America Foundation.

    U.S. Army Maj. Kathleen Perry watches as Maj. Gen. Tensin Hamid, the police chief for Iraq’s Salahuddin province, signs a document denouncing the Baath Party at the police headquarters in Tikrit in May 2003. (Saurabh Das/AP)
    Baghdadi’s effort was further aided by a new round of de-Baathification launched after U.S. troops left in 2011 by then Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, who set about firing even those officers who had been rehabilitated by the U.S. military.
    Among them was Brig. Gen. Hassan Dulaimi, a former intelligence officer in the old Iraqi army who was recruited back into service by U.S. troops in 2006, as a police commander in Ramadi, the capital of the long restive province of Anbar.
    Within months of the American departure, he was dismissed, he said, losing his salary and his pension, along with 124 other officers who had served alongside the Americans.
    “The crisis of ISIS didn’t happen by chance,” Dulaimi said in an interview in Baghdad, using an acronym for the Islamic State. “It was the result of an accumulation of problems created by the Americans and the [Iraqi] government.”
    He cited the case of a close friend, a former intelligence officer in Baghdad who was fired in 2003 and struggled for many years to make a living. He now serves as the Islamic State’s wali, or leader, in the Anbar town of Hit, Dulaimi said.
    “I last saw him in 2009. He complained that he was very poor. He is an old friend, so I gave him some money,” he recalled. “He was fixable. If someone had given him a job and a salary, he wouldn’t have joined the Islamic State.
    “There are hundreds, thousands like him,” he added. “The people in charge of military operations in the Islamic State were the best officers in the former Iraqi army, and that is why the Islamic State beats us in intelligence and on the battlefield.”
    The Islamic State’s seizure of territory was also smoothed by the Maliki government’s broader persecution of the Sunni minority, which intensified after U.S. troops withdrew and left many ordinary Sunnis willing to welcome the extremists as an alternative to the often brutal Iraqi security forces.
    But it was the influx of Baathist officers into the ranks of the Islamic State itself that propelled its fresh military victories, said Hashem. By 2013, Baghdadi had surrounded himself with former officers, who oversaw the Islamic State’s expansion in Syria and drove the offensives in Iraq.
    Some of Baghdadi’s closest aides, including Abu Muslim al-Turkmani, his deputy in Iraq, and Abu Ayman al-Iraqi, one of his top military commanders in Syria, both of them former Iraqi officers, have since reportedly been killed — though Dulaimi suspects that many feign their own deaths in order to evade detection, making its current leadership difficult to discern.
    Any gaps however are filled by former officers, sustaining the Iraqi influence at the group’s core, even as its ranks are swelled by arriving foreigners, said Hassan.
    Fearing infiltration and spies, the leadership insulates itself from the foreign fighters and the regular Syrian and Iraqi fighters through elaborate networks of intermediaries frequently drawn from the old Iraqi intelligence agencies, he said.
    “They introduced the Baathist mind-set of secrecy as well as its skills,” he said.
    The masked man who ordered the detention of Abu Hamza was one of a group of feared security officers who circulate within the Islamic State, monitoring its members for signs of dissent, the Syrian recalled.
    “They are the eyes and ears of Daesh’s security, and they are very powerful,” he said, using an Arabic acronym for the Islamic State.
    Scores of hostages, including Westerners, have been killed by the Islamic State since 2014. Here are some of the major incidents where the Islamic State killed the hostages.
    Abu Hamza was released from jail after agreeing to fall into line with the other commanders, he said. But the experience contributed to his disillusionment with the group.
    The foreign fighters he served alongside were “good Muslims,” he said. But he is less sure about the Iraqi leaders.
    “They pray and they fast and you can’t be an emir without praying, but inside I don’t think they believe it much,” he said. “The Baathists are using Daesh. They don’t care about Baathism or even Saddam.
    “They just want power. They are used to being in power, and they want it back.”
    ‘They want to run Iraq’
    Whether the former Baathists adhere to the Islamic State’s ideology is a matter of debate. Hashim suspects many of them do not.
    “One could still argue that it’s a tactical alliance,” he said. “A lot of these Baathists are not interested in ISIS running Iraq. They want to run Iraq. A lot of them view the jihadists with this Leninist mind-set that they’re useful idiots who we can use to rise to power.”
    Rayburn questions whether even some of the foreign volunteers realize the extent to which they are being drawn into Iraq’s morass. Some of the fiercest battles being waged today in Iraq are for control of communities and neighborhoods that have been hotly contested among Iraqis for years, before the extremists appeared.
    “You have fighters coming from across the globe to fight these local political battles that the global jihad can’t possibly have a stake in.”
    Former Baathist officers who served alongside some of those now fighting with the Islamic State believe it is the other way around. Rather than the Baathists using the jihadists to return to power, it is the jihadists who have exploited the desperation of the disbanded officers, according to a former general who commanded Iraqi troops during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. He spoke on the condition of anonymity because he fears for his safety in Irbil, the capital of the northern Iraqi region of Kurdistan, where he now resides.
    The ex-Baathists could be lured away, if they were offered alternatives and hope for the future, he said.
    “The Americans bear the biggest responsibility. When they dismantled the army what did they expect those men to do?” he asked. “They were out in the cold with nothing to do and there was only one way out for them to put food on the table.”
    When U.S. officials demobilized the Baathist army, “they didn’t de-Baathify people’s minds, they just took away their jobs,” he said.
    There are former Baathists with other insurgent groups who might be persuaded to switch sides, said Hassan, citing the example of the Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order, usually referred to by its Arabic acronym JRTN. They welcomed the Islamic State during its sweep through northern Iraq last summer, but the groups have since fallen out.
    But most of the Baathists who actually joined the Islamic State are now likely to have themselves become radicalized, either in prison or on the battlefield, he said.
    “Even if you didn’t walk in with that vision you might walk out with it, after five years of hard fighting,” said Fishman, of the New America Foundation. “They have been through brutal things that are going to shape their vision in a really dramatic way.”
    Correction: An earlier version of this story misstated the name of Ahmed S. Hashim, a professor at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. This version is correct.
    Read more on the Islamic State:

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    08/04/15 00:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Yemeni militias backed by warplanes from a Saudi-led coalition attacked Houthi fighters across several provinces in south Yemen on Monday, driving the Shi'ite rebel forces from some of th...
    » Germanwings pilot Patrick Sondheimer who tried to stop Andreas Luzitz pictured for first time
    08/04/15 00:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. Staring straight ahead, eyes firmly on the camera, this is the only photograph to have emerged of Patrick Sondheimer, the pilot of the doomed flight who tried to break down the cockpit ...
    » G.O.P. Senator Is Major Player in Iran Accord
    08/04/15 00:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > World. Few people on Capitol Hill are more important to the White House now than Senator Bob Corker, the Republican behind a bill to force President Obama to send any deal with Iran to Congress fo...
    » Male writers continue to dominate literary criticism, Vida study finds
    08/04/15 00:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. Women buy two-thirds of books sold but magazine reviews are centred on male authors and critics – though picture is beginning to change The continuing bias towards men in the ...
    » Saudis Seek More Help in Yemen
    08/04/15 00:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by VOA News. Saudis Seek More Help in Yemen Saudi officials are putting pressure on Pakistan to back the coalition of Sunni nations carrying out airstrikes in Yemen. It's a request that could fores...
    » A Changed Rand Paul Vows to Change the Republican Party - TIME
    08/04/15 00:36 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. TIME A Changed Rand Paul Vows to Change the Republican Party TIME Rand Paul will finally announce his presidential campaign on Tuesday in Louisville, but avid fans were treated t...
    » Police: Teen killed by police involved in gun deal - Journal Gazette and Times-Courier
    08/04/15 00:36 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Police: Teen killed by police involved in gun deal Journal Gazette and Times-Courier ZION, Ill. (AP) — A teenager killed by a police officer in Illinois had just been involved in...
    » Obama Administration Promises Safe, Lasting Deal With Iran
    08/04/15 00:35 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. The Obama administration says any nuclear deal with the Iranian government will ensure the safety of Iran's neighbors, including Israel. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz said Monday that the...
    » Woman permitted to serve her husband divorce papers via Facebook - The Week Magazine
    08/04/15 00:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Woman permitted to serve her husband divorce papers via Facebook The Week Magazine Seeking a divorce yet unable to find her husband, a New York woman has been granted permission ...
    » Uzbek Man Charged In New York With Islamic State Recruiting
    08/04/15 00:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. A fourth man has been charged in a terrorism case involving raising funds to send U.S. residents to join Islamic State fighters in Syria.
    » United States Says Iran Sanctions Would Be Phased Out
    08/04/15 00:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. The United States says economic sanctions on Iran would be gradually phased out if a final nuclear agreement is reached between Tehran and six world powers before the Jun...
    » With Cuba at Summit, US Seeks Renewed Ties With Latin America
    08/04/15 00:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by VOA News. With Cuba at Summit, US Seeks Renewed Ties With Latin America The Summit of the Americas normally receives little media attention in the United States. But this year is different becau...
    » Obama: Iran's Recognition of Israel Not to Be Part of Nuclear Deal
    08/04/15 00:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. President Barack Obama has rejected a call by Israel that any final nuclear agreement with Iran include a "clear and unambiguous Iranian commitment of Israel's right to exist." Israeli Pr...
    » Israel to push Congress to pass bill to hamper Iran deal - Haaretz
    08/04/15 00:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Haaretz Israel to push Congress to pass bill to hamper Iran deal Haaretz Israel will try to persuade congressmen and senators to introduce a clause stipulating that the deal with...
    » Eight Iranian Guards Reported Killed Near Pakistan Border
    08/04/15 00:32 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Iranian media say gunmen have killed eight border guards in the country's volatile southeast, near the border with Pakistan.
    » ISIS militants behead and crucify four men accused of stealing in Iraq
    08/04/15 00:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. Taken in ISIS' northern stronghold of Mosul, the photographs show four men being interviewed by the terrorists before they are dragged before bloodthirsty crowds eager to see their exec...
    » Afghan interpreter who worked with British army refused UK asylum
    08/04/15 00:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. Aslam Yousaf Zai claims he has been targeted by Taliban, but Home Office says it does not believe he would be in danger if he returns to Afghanistan An Afghan interpreter who ...
    » Yemen anger grows at absent president
    08/04/15 00:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World News. Saudi decision to build campaign around president Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi may yet prove problematic
    » Polish radio says crew distracted before 2010 Smolensk plane crash
    08/04/15 00:28 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. WARSAW (Reuters) - In the minutes before a 2010 plane crash that killed Poland's president, members of the president's entourage urged the crew to land despite thick fog, according to ...
    » How the subconscious mind shapes creative writing
    08/04/15 00:28 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. Authors who improvise, like John Boyne, and those who meticulously pre-plan like Michelle Paver, all seem to benefit from thoughts they don’t know they’re having Do you rememb...
    » EU to Host Russia, Ukraine Gas Talks
    08/04/15 00:27 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from WSJ.com: World News. The European Union said it will host the next round of gas talks between Ukraine and Russia on April 14 in Berlin.
    » Russian atomic submarine catches fire in shipyard: RIA cites source
    08/04/15 00:26 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. MOSCOW (Reuters) - A Russian nuclear submarine has caught fire in a shipyard in Russia's northern province of Arkhangelsk, a law enforcement source told Russia's RIA news agency on Tue...
    » How ISIS' land grab across Middle East is being orchestrated by Saddam Hussein's generals
    08/04/15 00:17 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. Despite thousands of foreign fighters flocking to join the Sunni extremist group and starring in their propaganda videos, ISIS' leadership is dominated by ex-members of the late Iraqi d...
    » Albania and Kosovo to unite, inside EU or not: Albanian PM
    08/04/15 00:16 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. PRISTINA/BELGRADE (Reuters) - The unification of Albania and Serbia's majority-Albanian former province of Kosovo is "inevitable", whether it happens through membership of the European...
    » Mass Grave of Iraq Soldiers Exhumed in Tikrit - Voice of America
    08/04/15 00:16 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Voice of America Mass Grave of Iraq Soldiers Exhumed in Tikrit Voice of America BAGHDAD—. Iraqi forensic teams in the newly liberated city of Tikrit have started exhuming bodies ...
    » Russian nuclear sub on fire, state news agency reports - CNN
    08/04/15 00:15 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World - Google News. CNN Russian nuclear sub on fire, state news agency reports CNN (CNN) A nuclear submarine being repaired at a Russian shipyard has caught on fire, according to a law enforcement source ...
    » Dangerous Boa Constrictor Gives Police The Slip
    08/04/15 00:15 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World News - Breaking international news and headlines | Sky News. Teams scour a top Australian tourist spot for the two-metre snake mistakenly released into bushland by police.
    » Why Senate Democrats could be Obama's biggest problem on Iran - Washington Post (blog)
    08/04/15 00:14 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Why Senate Democrats could be Obama's biggest problem on Iran Washington Post (blog) Senate Democrats are emerging as a potentially major obstacle facing President Obama as he tr...
    » Russian nuclear sub on fire, state news agency reports
    08/04/15 00:13 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from CNN.com - World. A nuclear submarine being repaired at a Russian shipyard has caught on fire, according to a law enforcement source speaking to Russia's state-run news agency ITAR-Tass.
    » China, Vietnam must manage sea dispute well to keep peace: Xi
    08/04/15 00:13 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese President Xi Jinping told the visiting head of Vietnam's ruling Communist Party on Tuesday that the two countries must manage their dispute over the South C...
    » Analysis: Iran nuke deal tough — but could be circumvented - Chron.com
    07/04/15 23:54 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Chron.com Analysis: Iran nuke deal tough — but could be circumvented Chron.com VIENNA (AP) — In selling the Iran nuclear deal to Congress and other skeptics, President Barack Oba...
    » U.N. Cyprus envoy says sees no obstacle to new peace talks
    07/04/15 23:54 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. NICOSIA (Reuters) - A U.N. envoy for ethnically split Cyprus said on Tuesday he expected stalled peace talks to resume "within weeks", following a six-month suspension in a dispute ove...
    » Obama Says Iran Could Cut Nuke Time To Near Zero In 13 Years ...
    07/04/15 23:53 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from world news - Google Blog Search. ... deal fails to eliminate the risk because it allows Iran to keep enriching uranium. He told NPR News that Iran will be capped for a decade at 300 kilograms — not enough ...
    » Russian Nuclear Sub 'On Fire In Dry Dock'
    07/04/15 23:52 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World News - Breaking international news and headlines | Sky News. The submarine's nuclear reactor had been shut down before the blaze broke out, and there has been no word on any casualties.
    » Russian deputy who opposed Crimea seizure stripped of immunity
    07/04/15 23:52 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russia's parliament voted on Tuesday to strip the only deputy who voted against last year's annexation of Crimea of his immunity from prosecution as a lawmaker.
    » Alexis Tsipras flies to Moscow amid speculation of bailout from Putin
    07/04/15 23:52 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. Greek prime minister to sign accords with Russia, including a gas price discount and possible loans in return for Greek assets, that would alarm EU creditors The Greek prime m...
    » Why Yarmouk's takeover by ISIS is good news for Bashar al-Assad - CNN
    07/04/15 23:51 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World - Google News. CNN Why Yarmouk's takeover by ISIS is good news for Bashar al-Assad CNN Lina Khatib is director of the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut. Previously, she was the co-founding head o...
    » Raped, jailed, pardoned and shamed
    07/04/15 23:50 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from CNN.com - World. In Afghanistan, the solution to rape is to marry your attacker. That's what happened to Gulnaz, who was barely 16 when she was raped and and then jailed for adultery.
    » Latin America silent on Venezuela as US airs rights concerns
    07/04/15 23:50 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from AP Top Headlines At 10:10 p.m. EDT. PANAMA CITY (AP) -- From Mexico to Brazil, leaders in Latin America have largely kept silent amid charges of human rights abuses in Venezuela and are unlikely to speak o...
    » 100-Year-Old Man Kills Wife with Ax, Then Commits Suicide - People Magazine
    07/04/15 23:49 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World - Google News. People Magazine 100-Year-Old Man Kills Wife with Ax, Then Commits Suicide People Magazine A 100-year-old man and his 88-year-old wife were found dead Monday in their Elmwood Park, New ...
    » The Battle For 'Nemtsov Bridge'
    07/04/15 23:49 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. The bridge where Russian opposition leader Boris Nemtsov was shot dead has become a sacred symbol for his supporters.
    » Russia Strips 'Rogue' MP of Immunity
    07/04/15 23:48 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Russia's parliament voted on Tuesday to strip the only deputy who voted against last year's annexation of Crimea of his immunity from prosecution as a lawmaker. State prosecutors had aske...
    » Prince Andrew Sex Claims Struck From Court
    07/04/15 23:48 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World News - Breaking international news and headlines | Sky News. A US judge has ordered that sex allegations made against Prince Andrew be struck from the court record.
    » ABC Breaks NBC's Winning Streak in Evening News - New York Times
    07/04/15 23:47 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. New York Times ABC Breaks NBC's Winning Streak in Evening News New York Times NEW YORK — NBC's evening newscast has lost in the ratings for the first time since 2009, and the fir...
    » Russia paves way for fraud case against exiled MP
    07/04/15 23:47 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World News. Only deputy to vote against Crimea annexation faces corruption claims
    » Obama gets Easter prayer breakfast crowd laughing – video
    07/04/15 23:47 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World news + Video | The Guardian. President Obama amuses the crowd talking about his daughters and his faith at the White House's annual Easter prayer breakfast on Tuesday 7 April. The breakfast was just ...
    » U.S. judge denies request by Prince Andrew accuser to join lawsuit
    07/04/15 23:46 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. NEW YORK (Reuters) - A woman who said in court papers she was forced as an underage girl to have sex with Britain's Prince Andrew, prominent U.S. lawyer Alan Dershowitz and other men c...
    » President Obama Hints at Disappointment With Christians at Easter Breakfast - TIME
    07/04/15 23:46 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Kansas City Star President Obama Hints at Disappointment With Christians at Easter Breakfast TIME President Obama took a more measured approach in his remarks about Christianity ...
    » In Egypt, ex-military men fire up Islamist insurgency
    07/04/15 23:45 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. CAIRO (Reuters) - A small but highly dangerous succession of former Egyptian army officers are joining Islamist militant groups, complicating President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi's efforts t...
    » A sledgehammer to civilisation: Islamic State’s war on culture
    07/04/15 23:45 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. Isis has destroyed countless irreplaceable artefacts and heritage sites across the areas it controls of Iraq and Syria – and some are comparing its assault on human history to...
    » Pakistan judge: Charge CIA lawyer, agent for drone strike - San Francisco Chronicle
    07/04/15 23:45 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from World - Google News. San Francisco Chronicle Pakistan judge: Charge CIA lawyer, agent for drone strike San Francisco Chronicle FILE - In this Thursday, Oct. 27, 2011 file photo, Pakistani tribal elder Kari...
    » German economy minister calls Greek war reparations request 'stupid'
    07/04/15 23:45 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. Sigmar Gabriel throws out Greece’s demand for €278.7bn, but opposition parties argue for return of forced wartime loan from Athens amounting to €10.3bn Germany’s economy minis...
    » Ukraine in Talks to Boost Cash
    07/04/15 23:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from WSJ.com: World News. Aging populations and sluggish advances in worker productivity are quickly binding the global economy to a bleaker growth fate, the IMF says.
    » Pakistan judge: Charge CIA lawyer, agent for drone strike
    07/04/15 23:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from AP Top Headlines At 10:10 p.m. EDT. ISLAMABAD (AP) -- A Pakistani judge on Tuesday ordered criminal charges be filed against a former top CIA lawyer who oversaw its drone program and a former station chief...
    » Banker Svetlana Lokhova wins £3.2m payout after bullying by male colleagues
    07/04/15 23:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. A tribunal found Cambridge graduate Svetlana Lokhova, 33, was a 'resilient person' driven to a mental breakdown by workmates at the London branch of Russian bank Sberbank CIB.
    » Russian Parliament Strips Immunity From Dissenter
    07/04/15 23:40 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from WSJ.com: World News. The Russian parliament voted to revoke immunity for an opposition lawmaker targeted in a case of alleged embezzlement, a move Kremlin critics denounced as an attempt to stifle politica...
    » Elderly Couple Found Dead In Apparent Murder-Suicide In Elmwood Park, NJ - CBS Local
    07/04/15 23:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. CBS Local Elderly Couple Found Dead In Apparent Murder-Suicide In Elmwood Park, NJ CBS Local ELMWOOD PARK, N.J. (CBSNewYork/AP) — A 100-year-old Bergen County man and his 88-year...
    » Obama, Raúl Castro to 'Interact' at Summit, White House Says
    07/04/15 23:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from WSJ.com: World News. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro this week will see each other for the first time since their two countries began re-establishing ties.
    » Nuclear submarine catches fire in Russian shipyard
    07/04/15 23:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. The submarine that caught fire in a shipyard was submerged to extinguish the blaze yesterday. The emergency move came after premature reports that the flames had been put out.
    » World Briefing: Israeli Fire Killed Spanish Peacekeeper in January, Israeli Official Confirms
    07/04/15 23:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > World. A military investigation concluded that the peacekeeper had been killed as the Israeli military responded to an attack against its forces by Hezbollah.
    » Fears Loom of Young Israeli Arabs Lured to Jihad
    07/04/15 23:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by VOA News. Fears Loom of Young Israeli Arabs Lured to Jihad Governments worldwide are trying to stop their young people from being recruited by the so-called Islamic State and other jihadist grou...
    » ISIS capital Raqqa's streets lined with queues for food
    07/04/15 23:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. In scenes more familiar in the world's most impoverished refugee camps, scores of downtrodden Syrians wait in lines for food in the terror group's self-declared capital of Raqqa.
    » Iran: Militants Killed Border Guards
    07/04/15 23:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from WSJ.com: World News. The incident, denied by Pakistan, comes a day before Iran’s foreign minister travels to Islamabad to urge it to stay out of Yemen conflict.
    » Does Germany really still owe Greece for World War II? - Christian Science Monitor
    07/04/15 23:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from world - Google News. Christian Science Monitor Does Germany really still owe Greece for World War II? Christian Science Monitor Greek Deputy Finance Minister Dimitris Mardas said Monday that Berlin owes At...
    » Judge Rejects Sex Allegations Against Prince Andrew and Prominent Lawyer
    07/04/15 23:36 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from TIME. (MIAMI)—A federal judge rejected a bid by two women to join a high-profile sexual abuse lawsuit and ordered scandalous sex allegations against Britain’s Prince Andrew and a prominent U.S....
    » Thieves break into underground vault in Hatton Garden
    07/04/15 23:35 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by ODN. Thieves break into underground vault in Hatton Garden Thieves have used heavy-duty cutting equipment to break into an underground vault in Britain's main jewellery district - potentially ne...
    » Isis mass graves: Iraqi forensic teams recover remains of 1700 military cadets ... - The Independent
    07/04/15 23:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. The Independent Isis mass graves: Iraqi forensic teams recover remains of 1700 military cadets ... The Independent Mass graves containing the bodies of 1,700 Iraqi military cadet...
    » Iran Nuclear Deal: What Obama Would Say to Iranians | EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW | The New York Times
    07/04/15 23:34 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by The New York Times. Iran Nuclear Deal: What Obama Would Say to Iranians | EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW | The New York Times President Obama responds to the question of what he would say to Iranian people...
    » US appears close to announcing Cuba's removal from terrorism sponsor list
    07/04/15 23:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Network Front | The Guardian. As Obama and Raúl Raul Castro prepare to meet this week, White House expects decision soon – and reports have suggested it will be a positive one The US and Cuba are on the ve...
    » ISIS launches English language radio bulletins on its Iraqi broadcast service
    07/04/15 23:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from News | Mail Online. The extremist group's first English bulletin - hosted by a man with an American accent - aired on Tuesday on its al-Bayan radio network, which already boasts updates in both Arabic and ...
    » Iran Nuclear Deal: Obama on Breaching Diplomatic Protocol | EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW | The New York Times
    07/04/15 23:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by The New York Times. Iran Nuclear Deal: Obama on Breaching Diplomatic Protocol | EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW | The New York Times President Obama on the “dangers” that arise when lawmakers breach traditi...
    » Judge strikes sex claims against Dershowitz, others - CNN
    07/04/15 23:31 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. CNN Judge strikes sex claims against Dershowitz, others CNN (CNN) A Florida judge Tuesday threw out claims that high-profile lawyer Alan Dershowitz had sex with minors with help ...
    » Another deadly Isis discovery - New Zealand Herald
    07/04/15 23:30 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. Another deadly Isis discovery New Zealand Herald Iraqi forensic teams have started recovering the remains of hundreds of cadets who were slaughtered by Isis fighters near Tikrit,...
    » World Briefing: Pakistani Court Orders Ex-C.I.A. Officials Charged Over 2009 Drone Strike
    07/04/15 23:30 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > World. A judge ruled in a case involving a former C.I.A. station chief and a former C.I.A. lawyer and their roles in directing drone attacks in Pakistan’s northwestern tribal regions.
    » Video Cited By Police in Murder Charges Shows Officer Shooting Driver - ABC News
    07/04/15 23:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. ABC News Video Cited By Police in Murder Charges Shows Officer Shooting Driver ABC News A South Carolina police officer who shot and killed an unarmed man Saturday is being charg...
    » Republican Rand Paul Launches US Presidential Campaign
    07/04/15 23:29 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by VOA News. Republican Rand Paul Launches US Presidential Campaign Kentucky Senator Rand Paul has become the second major Republican to announce his candidacy for president. Paul, a libertarian, i...
    » Report: Russia behind 2014 attack on White House computer system - Fox News
    07/04/15 23:28 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Top Stories - Google News. CNN Report: Russia behind 2014 attack on White House computer system Fox News Russian hackers last year were able to breach a White House computer system after a successful cyber...
    » White SC officer charged with murder for shooting black man
    07/04/15 23:28 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from AP Top Headlines At 10:10 p.m. EDT. CHARLESTON, S.C. (AP) -- A white South Carolina police officer has been charged with murder in the shooting death of a black motorist after a traffic stop....
    » A Nazi-Built Resort Beckons New Dwellers
    07/04/15 23:28 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from WSJ.com: World News. After decades of decay, a German coastal site operated by the Third Reich, the Soviets and the East Germans over the years is being converted into hotels and apartments.
    » Mexican military halt drug tunnel construction near U.S. border
    07/04/15 23:27 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Reuters: World News. MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexican soldiers foiled the construction of a suspected drug tunnel underneath a house near the U.S. border, arresting nine people and impounding a truck used t...
    » Dmitry Oreshkin: “In the light of Nemtsov’s murder, Putin looks like a weak and dependent politician”
    07/04/15 23:09 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Home - Institute of Modern Russia. The Institute of Modern Russia continues its series of interviews with Russian and Western experts on the situation in Russia, its relationship with the West, and the fut...
    » Americans Struggle to Get Families Out Amid Yemen Conflict
    07/04/15 23:08 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Instead of getting married last Friday, Summer Nasser was in the mountains of Yemen — a twisting, perilous five-hour-drive from her fiancé. The American college student of Yemeni descent ...
    » Ukraine Leader Denounces Federalization as Way to Break Up Country
    07/04/15 23:08 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > Europe. President Petro O. Poroshenko said he was so certain Ukrainians would reject the idea, which Russia endorses, that he offered to put it to a referendum.
    » Political Economy: Greece Must Walk the Talk, and Soon
    07/04/15 23:07 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > Europe. The radical-left government has pretty much exhausted its techniques for squeezing blood from a stone.
    » Гражданам России грозит статус «белорусского тунеядца» - ИА REGNUM
    07/04/15 23:07 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. РБК Гражданам России грозит статус «белорусского тунеядца» ИА REGNUM Белорусские «тунеядцы»/"иждивенцы" будут убирать кладбища и камни с полей, и примерно 10 тыс иностранцев, в т.ч...
    » Греция оценила ущерб от немецкой оккупации в €278 млрд - Коммерсантъ
    07/04/15 23:06 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. Lenta.ru Греция оценила ущерб от немецкой оккупации в €278 млрд Коммерсантъ Греция намерена добиваться от Германии выплаты €278,7 млрд репараций за ущерб, нанесенный стране во врем...
    » Ukraine has key to better Russia-EU relations - Lavrov - RT
    07/04/15 23:06 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. RT Ukraine has key to better Russia -EU relations - Lavrov RT Relations between Russia and the EU depend on the implementation of Minsk documents, Russian FM Sergey Lavrov said on Mon...
    » Documentary Explores Impact of Drug Violence on Mexican Society
    07/04/15 23:06 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Drug-related violence in Mexico has claimed tens of thousands of lives in recent years as rival gangs compete for the millions of dollars they can make smuggling marijuana, cocaine, and o...
    » Poland to build watchtowers at Russia's Kaliningrad border
    07/04/15 23:05 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia | The Guardian. 50 metre high towers will be ready to begin surveillance in June according to border police Poland will build six watchtowers to survey its 200-kilometre-long border with the Russian...
    » Poland to build watchtowers at Russia's Kaliningrad border - The Guardian
    07/04/15 23:05 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. The Guardian Poland to build watchtowers at Russia's Kaliningrad border The Guardian A Russian Iskander ballistic missile during a rehearsal of a military parade outside Moscow. Polan...
    » War with Russia Now Much Likelier: Ukraine's Leading Nazi Dimitri Yarosh Gets ... - Center for Research on Globalization
    07/04/15 23:05 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Bloomberg War with Russia Now Much Likelier: Ukraine's Leading Nazi Dimitri Yarosh Gets ... Center for Research on Globalization But now, with the military expertise of the nazis and ...
    » Госдеп: США будут представлены на торжествах 9 мая в Москве - Коммерсантъ
    07/04/15 23:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. РИА Новости Госдеп: США будут представлены на торжествах 9 мая в Москве Коммерсантъ Руководство США будет представлено на торжествах 9 мая в Москве. Уверенность в этом выразила на ...
    » Rogers Touts Russia Yet Again As Investors Increasingly Hop On Band Wagon - Forbes
    07/04/15 23:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Forbes Rogers Touts Russia Yet Again As Investors Increasingly Hop On Band Wagon Forbes Commodities guru Jim Rogers has his eyes on Russia . And he likes what he sees. What he sees is...
    » Waving Cash, Kremlin Sows EU Divisions - New York Times
    07/04/15 23:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Al Jazeera America Waving Cash, Kremlin Sows EU Divisions New York Times NICOSIA, Cyprus — When Cyprus seized hundreds of millions of dollars from bank depositors, many of them Russia...
    » US Defense Secretary Urges Approval of TPP
    07/04/15 23:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Before embarking on an Asia trip, U.S. Defense Secretary Ashton Carter called the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership, or TPP, free trade agreement an important part of the Obama Administ...
    » Meet Anonymous International, the hackers taking on the Kremlin
    07/04/15 23:03 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia | The Guardian. They’ve hijacked the Russian prime minister’s Twitter account and attacked the political elite. But they’re also guns-for-hire, collecting private information for a fee. Daniil Turov...
    » Илья Яшин: "Кадыров бросает вызов всему государству"
    07/04/15 23:02 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by Радио Свобода. Илья Яшин: "Кадыров бросает вызов всему государству" Заявление оппозиционного политика Ильи Яшина, пришедшего почтить память своего друга Бориса Немцова на... From: Радио Свобода ...
    » Владимир Рыжков:" Все нити ведут в Чечню"
    07/04/15 23:02 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by Радио Свобода. Владимир Рыжков:" Все нити ведут в Чечню" "Впервые после смерти Сталина в России стали применяться политические убийства как метод политической... From: Радио Свобода Views: 2376 ...
    » Frankfurter Rundschau: Ципрас в отношениях с Россией "ищет весны" - РИА Новости
    07/04/15 23:01 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. РИА Новости Frankfurter Rundschau: Ципрас в отношениях с Россией "ищет весны" РИА Новости В то время, как в отношениях между ЕС и России господствует "политический&q...
    » Russian Politician Threatens Latvia Sanctions After Reported Comparison to Nazi Regime
    07/04/15 23:01 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from The Moscow Times Top Stories. A top Russian politician has called for sanctions to be brought against Latvia after accusing its foreign minister of comparing Russia to Nazi Germany's Third Reich.
    » Посол ЕС в России: надо признать, что мы не пойдем воевать и умирать за Украину - УНИАН
    07/04/15 22:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. УНИАН Посол ЕС в России: надо признать, что мы не пойдем воевать и умирать за Украину УНИАН Принимая решение о военное поддержке, отдельные страны должны со всей ответственностью в...
    » Александр Рыклин: "Немцова убила российская власть"
    07/04/15 22:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by Радио Свобода. Александр Рыклин: "Немцова убила российская власть" Панихида по убитому сорок дней назад Борису Немцову прошла в Климентовском храме, рядом с домом, где жил... From: Радио Свобода...
    » Russia and Russian Nation Owe Their Existence to the Mongols, Kalmyk Émigré Eurasianist Argued
    07/04/15 22:03 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Window on Eurasia -- New Series. Paul Goble               Staunton, April 7 – Eurasianism by definition is diverse because it argues that Russia ...
    » Слава Рабинович: "Это не расследование - это саботаж"
    07/04/15 22:02 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by Радио Свобода. Слава Рабинович: "Это не расследование - это саботаж" Среди тех, кто на сороковой день после убийства Бориса Немцова пришел на панихиду в Климентовский храм,... From: Радио Свобод...
    » Russian Court Authorizes Closure Of LGBT Teen Support Group's Site
    07/04/15 22:02 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. A court in St. Petersburg has authorized the government to block the social-network page of an online support group for LGBT teenagers in Russia.
    » Russia Says Ukraine Must Seek Direct Debt-Restructure Talks - Bloomberg
    07/04/15 22:02 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Bloomberg Russia Says Ukraine Must Seek Direct Debt-Restructure Talks Bloomberg Russia said only direct talks with Ukrainian authorities may change its refusal to join debt restructur...
    » Op-Ed Contributor: Austria’s Islamic Reforms
    07/04/15 22:02 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > Europe. The country has taken a positive step to combat extremism while protecting Muslims' religious liberties.
    » Vladimir Putin, Is That You?
    07/04/15 22:01 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Russia's President Vladimir Putin was once an ardent defender of Ukraine's borders. Don't believe it? Watch the video.
    » Russian nuclear submarine catches fire at shipyard - Telegraph.co.uk
    07/04/15 22:01 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Telegraph.co.uk Russian nuclear submarine catches fire at shipyard Telegraph.co.uk A similar fire at a nuclear submarine occurred in Russia in December 2011, when the K-84 Yekaterinbu...
    » Top Spy: Hillary's Emails 'Likely' Hacked by China, Russia, Iran - The Weekly Standard (blog)
    07/04/15 22:01 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. The Weekly Standard (blog) Top Spy: Hillary's Emails 'Likely' Hacked by China, Russia , Iran The Weekly Standard (blog) A top intelligence official under President Obama, Lt. Gen. Mic...
    » Представители Украины не приедут в Москву на празднование 9 мая - Коммерсантъ
    07/04/15 22:01 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. ЛІГА.net Представители Украины не приедут в Москву на празднование 9 мая Коммерсантъ Представители Украины не будут участвовать в мероприятиях 9 мая в Москве, сообщил спикер МИД Ук...
    » Russian nuclear submarine catches fire in shipyard - Reuters
    07/04/15 22:00 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Reuters Russian nuclear submarine catches fire in shipyard Reuters MOSCOW (Reuters) - Firefighters struggled to put out a blaze on a nuclear submarine as it underwent repairs at a shi...
    » Russia nervously eyes the US-Iran deal - MarketWatch
    07/04/15 22:00 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. MarketWatch Russia nervously eyes the US-Iran deal MarketWatch Russia has no interest in seeing a nuclear-armed Iran in the neighborhood, but the mere threat of an unshackled Iranian ...
    » Лех Валенса допустил возможность распада России на несколько государств - РБК
    07/04/15 22:00 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. РБК Лех Валенса допустил возможность распада России на несколько государств РБК Экс-президент Польши Лех Валенса дал интервью украинскому изданию «Экономическая правда», в котором ...
    » Will NATO Attack Russia? Russian-Finnish Border Military Exercises Not A Good ... - International Business Times
    07/04/15 21:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. International Business Times Will NATO Attack Russia ? Russian -Finnish Border Military Exercises Not A Good ... International Business Times Stroking fears in Russia that NATO will a...
    » Greek PM Tsipras In Moscow Visit
    07/04/15 21:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras is expected to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin on April 8 during a visit to Moscow.
    » Nuclear-Powered Russian Submarine Catches Fire
    07/04/15 21:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. State-run Russian news agencies cite unnamed law enforcement sources as saying a nuclear-powered submarine has caught fire at a shipyard in the Arkhangelsk region.
    » Russian nuclear submarine catches fire at shipyard
    07/04/15 21:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russian news, all the latest and breaking Russia news. A Russian nuclear submarine has caught fire in the northern province of Arkhangelsk
    » Nuclear Submarine Catches Fire at Russian Shipyard, Reports Say
    07/04/15 21:58 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from The Moscow Times Top Stories. A nuclear submarine caught fire in a shipyard in Russia's northern province of Arkhangelsk on Tuesday but there were no weapons on board, Russian news agencies reported.
    » Vice-president of far-right Front National party claims '100 per cent of places of radicalisation are mosques' amid calls for more to be built
    07/04/15 21:58 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from - Europe RSS Feed. The vice-president of Marine Le Pen’s far-right Front National party has controversially claimed “100 per cent of places of radicalisation are mosques" after a leading cleric rector call...
    » Russia ready to offer Greeks cash in return for assets
    07/04/15 21:58 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russian news, all the latest and breaking Russia news. Kremlin could provide cash-strapped Greeks a credit line and discounted energy supplies as Alexis Tsipras meets with Putin
    » A Potentially Dangerous Situation: Russians Want Regime to Take Care of Them But Don’t Think They Can Hold It Responsible
    07/04/15 21:58 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Window on Eurasia -- New Series. Paul Goble               Staunton, April 7 – Russians want their government to take care of them and ensure a hi...
    » Russia rules out QE as banking sector faces wave of defaults
    07/04/15 21:57 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russian news, all the latest and breaking Russia news. Elvira Nabiullina, governor of the Central Bank of Russia, has said that QE is not being considered as "the recipes used by other countries won't work"
    » ​What lies behind NATO's activity near Russia's borders? - RT (blog)
    07/04/15 21:57 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. RT (blog) ​What lies behind NATO's activity near Russia's borders? RT (blog) Plans to add around 160 Abrams tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles to 60 existing ones for an indefinite p...
    » Georgian Elders Call For Help To Prevent Teenagers From Joining IS
    07/04/15 21:57 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Elders in Georgia's Pankisi Gorge have called on the government to help them prevent teenagers from joining the Islamist State militant group.
    » Third Uzbek Man Charged In New York With Aiding IS
    07/04/15 21:57 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. An Uzbek national has been arrested and charged in New York in connection with an alleged plot by a group of Central Asian men to support the Islamic State (IS) group in ...
    » В прошлом году Порошенко заработал 16 миллионов долларов - Вести.Ru
    07/04/15 21:56 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. Вести.Ru В прошлом году Порошенко заработал 16 миллионов долларов Вести.Ru В 2014 году президент Украины Петр Порошенко заработал более 368 миллионов гривен, или около 16 миллионов...
    » СМИ: пикап батальона "Азов" протаранил машину сына Порошенко - РИА Новости
    07/04/15 21:56 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. РИА Новости СМИ: пикап батальона "Азов" протаранил машину сына Порошенко РИА Новости Во вторник днем в центре Киева на улице Крещатик произошло ДТП с участием сына презид...
    » Xi: China, Vietnam Must Cooperate on Sea Dispute
    07/04/15 21:42 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Chinese President Xi Jinping told the visiting head of Vietnam's ruling Communist Party on Tuesday that the two countries must manage their dispute over the South China Sea well to mainta...
    » IMF Official Sees 'Leeway' in Judging Ukraine's Debt Progress
    07/04/15 21:42 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. The International Monetary Fund will assess the progress of Ukraine's talks with creditors, but does not have to make any decisions in June, when its next review of the country's $17.5-bi...
    » Russia considers cut-price gas deal with Greece, sparking EU fears that any agreement could undermine its sanctions against Moscow
    07/04/15 21:41 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from - Europe RSS Feed. Russia is preparing to offer Greece a cut-price gas deal as part of a package that European Union officials fear is aimed at undermining the sanctions regime against Moscow.
    » Kremlin Reliance on the Russian Orthodox Church May Backfire, Analysts Say
    07/04/15 21:41 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from The Moscow Times Top Stories. While the Russian federal government's reliance on the Orthodox Church is a tool aimed at consolidating society, in using it the authorities risk giving the clergy too much po...
    » Энергокомпания: причиной падения напряжения в США была проблема на ЛЭП
    07/04/15 21:40 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Российское Информационное Агентство "РИА Новости". © AP Photo/ Manuel Balce Ceneta МОСКВА, 7 апр — РИА ...
    » Энергокомпания: причиной падения напряжения в США была проблема на ЛЭП - РИА Новости
    07/04/15 21:40 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from В мире – Новости Google. РИА Новости Энергокомпания: причиной падения напряжения в США была проблема на ЛЭП РИА Новости Ранее представитель Белого дома Джош Эрнест сообщил, что обесточивание Белого дома не...
    » Russian nuclear submarine catches fire - video
    07/04/15 21:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia | The Guardian. Russian state television shows footage of smoke rising from a shipyard in Arkhangelsk after reports a nuclear submarine had caught fire. Russian news agencies have quoted a spokesper...
    » Gazprom Profits Drop 70% In January-February
    07/04/15 21:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. Russia's state-owned gas giant Gazprom saw its profits drop some 70 percent in the first two months of this year
    » Opinion: Sanctions, drop in oil price best things that ever happened to Russia - MarketWatch
    07/04/15 21:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. MarketWatch Opinion: Sanctions, drop in oil price best things that ever happened to Russia MarketWatch In reality, sanctions and a fall in the oil price might have been the best thing...
    » When a Preposition is Predetermination – Putin Began His Attack on Ukrainian Statehood in 2004
    07/04/15 21:39 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from The InterpreterThe Interpreter. Staunton, April 7 — Vladimir Putin stopped using the preposition “v” or “in” Ukraine in 2004, reverting to the older form “na” or “on,” in official government documents, an ...
    » Few in the Russian Intelligentsia Oppose Putin Even if They Don’t Support Him, Kirillova says
    07/04/15 21:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from The InterpreterThe Interpreter. Staunton, April 7 — Many members of the Russian intelligentsia do not support Vladimir Putin and his repression at home and aggression abroad, but a significant and surprisi...
    » Czech PM: President Zeman Overreacted to Comments by US Envoy
    07/04/15 21:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. The prime minister of the Czech Republic and other top officials criticized the country’s president for a rare diplomatic row with the U.S. ambassador to Prague. Prime Minister Bohuslav S...
    » Will US Congress Help, Hurt Iran Nuclear Deal?
    07/04/15 21:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. A growing number of U.S. lawmakers of both political parties say Congress should have an up-or-down vote if a final accord is reached on Iran’s nuclear program. VOA Senate correspondent M...
    » Страна помнит Немцова
    07/04/15 21:26 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Uploads by Радио Свобода. Страна помнит Немцова О том са...
    » Activist: Russian Probe of Nemtsov Flawed
    07/04/15 21:26 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. Hundreds of people gathered Tuesday at the exact spot on Moscow's Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge where opposition politician Boris Nemtsov assassinated 40 days ago. The timing of the commemo...
    » Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of London?
    07/04/15 21:25 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > Europe. True, there’s much he could do here — starting with the trans fats in fish and chips.
    » How The U.S. Thinks Russia Hacked The White House - Huffington Post
    07/04/15 21:25 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. How The U.S. Thinks Russia Hacked The White House Huffington Post Russian hackers behind the damaging cyber intrusion of the State Department in recent months used that perch to penet...
    » REPORT: Russia hacked the White House - Business Insider
    07/04/15 21:25 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Business Insider REPORT: Russia hacked the White House Business Insider Russian -hired hackers breached an unclassified White House system and pilfered information about President Oba...
    » Lawmakers Take Step to Remove Putin Critic
    07/04/15 21:24 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . MOSCOW — Russian lawmakers took a major step on Tuesday toward ousting Ilya V. Ponomarev, the only member of Parliament who opposed the annexation of Crimea last year and one of the few elected official...
    » Обама введет санкции против хакеров, взломавших Белый дом - Газета.Ru
    07/04/15 21:21 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Президент США Барак Обама распоря&...
    » UPDATE 1-Russian hackers reached sensitive White House systems -CNN
    07/04/15 21:18 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W9SLGS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/iframe&amp...
    » Russian hackers accessed White House...
    07/04/15 21:15 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Google News. Russian hackers accessed White House email Computerworld  - ‎5 minutes ago‎ Hackers working for the Russian government were able to access President Obama's email system insid...
    » How the US thinks Russians hacked the White House - CNN
    07/04/15 21:09 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Russia - Google News. Business Insider How the US thinks Russians hacked the White House CNN Washington (CNN) Russian hackers behind the damaging cyber intrusion of the State Department in recent months us...
    » How to Be Emotionally Intelligent
    07/04/15 21:08 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . What makes a great leader? Knowledge, smarts and vision, to be sure. To that, Daniel Goleman, author of “Leadership: The Power of Emotional Intelligence,” would add the ability to identify and mon...
    » Iran and the Obama Doctrine
    07/04/15 21:07 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . In September 1996, I visited Iran. One of my most enduring memories of that trip was that in my hotel lobby there was a sign above the door proclaiming “Down With USA.” But it wasn’t a banne...
    » After Beating ISIS in Tikrit, Iraq and U.S. Seek Fighters for Next Front
    07/04/15 21:00 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Emboldened as they mop up the last Islamic State forces in the city of Tikrit, Iraqi military leaders are already vowing to follow up that operation with a much more ambitious one: marching into the vast Sunn...
    » Funeral Masses Held for 2 Killed in East Village Explosion
    07/04/15 20:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . They were four years apart, but death came for them in the same instant: in an explosion in the East Village on March 26, engulfing a block in smoke and shattering three buildings on Second Avenue. Moises Ism...
    » Do You Google Your Shrink?
    07/04/15 20:58 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Comments on: Do You Google Your Shrink?. Couch is a series about psychotherapy. campaign: nyt2015_sharetools_mkt_opinion_47K78 -- 271975, creative: nyt2014_sharetools_mktg_opinion_47K78 -- 375123, page: bl...
    » 4th Brooklyn Man Is Charged in Plot to Join ISIS
    07/04/15 18:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . A defendant has been added in the case of a group of Brooklyn men charged with trying to support the Islamic State. Dilkhayot Kasimov, 26, was named in a court document filed on Monday in Federal District Cou...
    » Waving Cash, Putin Sows E.U. Divisions in an Effort to Break Sanctions
    07/04/15 18:59 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . NICOSIA, Cyprus — When Cyprus seized hundreds of millions of dollars from bank depositors, many of them Russians, as part of an internationally brokered deal two years ago to rescue its collapsing finan...
    » Greece Should Be Wary of Mr. Putin
    07/04/15 18:57 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . The Greek government is facing a series of daunting challenges. It has to come up with money to pay off maturing debts, revive its devastated economy and renegotiate its loan agreements with other countries i...
    » Russian Nuclear Submarine Catches Fire During Repairs
    07/04/15 18:56 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . MOSCOW — A Russian nuclear submarine caught fire while undergoing repairs in a dry dock outside the city of Arkhangelsk and smoke billowed from it through the day on Tuesday. But emergency officials tol...
    » World Briefing: Russian Nuclear Submarine Catches Fire During Repairs
    07/04/15 18:56 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from NYT > Europe. Emergency officials said that the submarine posed no risk of leaking radiation because its nuclear fuel and armaments had been removed before the work began.
    » US to Press Cuba on Human Rights, Basic Freedoms
    07/04/15 18:55 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Voice of America. President Barack Obama is expected to discuss human rights with Cuban leader Raul Castro when, for the first time, both the U.S. and Cuban presidents attend the Summit of the Americas. U....
    » A New Emigration: The Best Are Leaving. Part 1
    07/04/15 18:19 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Institute of Modern Russia. A New Emigration: The Best Are Leaving. Part 1 07 April 2015 Kseniya Semenova Over the last few months, the beginning of a new wave of Russian emigration has sparked debates in ...
    » Killing ISIS - YouTube
    07/04/15 18:15 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Published on Apr 7, 2015 Who is arming, funding and training ISIS? An <a href="http://InfoWars.com" rel="nofollow">InfoWars.com</a> exclusive report by Darrin McBreen. Once again, the growth of IS...
    » Killing ISIS
    07/04/15 18:13 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Who is arming, funding and training ISIS?
    » Saudi Forces Kill 2, Wound 30 at Anti-War Rally
    07/04/15 18:12 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Saudis crack down on demonstrators.
    » barrett brown - YouTube
    07/04/15 18:03 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . 22:04 Is The Obama Administration The LEAST Transparent In U.S. History - Duration: 22:04. by Hank Eric 7 hours ago No views David Knight talks with Infowars reporter Joe Biggs about Barrett Brown and the cri...
    » Barrett Brown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    07/04/15 17:49 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. Barrett Brown Born Barrett Lancaster Brown ( 1981-08-14 ) August 14, 1981 (age 33) Dallas, Texas Education Episcopal School of Dallas Website Barrett Brown (born Augus...
    » barrett brown - Google Search
    07/04/15 17:47 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Search Results Barrett Brown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Barrett _ Brown Cached Similar Wikipedia Loading... Barrett Brown (born August 14, 1981) is an American journalist, essay...
    » Imprisoned Journalist Barrett Brown Loses Email Privilege For Talking To Infowars
    07/04/15 17:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Feds censor Brown once again.
    » How The Gov’t Legalizes Theft
    07/04/15 17:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Feds take property and money over victimless "crimes."
    » Obama Administration: Most Criminal, Least Transparent
    07/04/15 17:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Rule by presidential decree.
    » Rand Paul Officially Announces Presidential Bid
    07/04/15 17:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Rand running on liberty and limited government platform.
    » Fourth man charged in NYC over ISIS recruitment plot
    07/04/15 17:43 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Revised indictment unsealed in federal court.
    » How America Became an Oligarchy
    07/04/15 17:43 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Our elected representatives are beholden to the moneylenders.
    » World Renowned Pianist Censored in Toronto For Questioning Ukrainian Government
    07/04/15 17:41 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Valentina Lisitsa accused of "public incitement of hatred" for challenging mainstream narrative.
    » White House, State Department Lose Power Due To Major Outages
    07/04/15 17:41 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Reuters reports there’s no indication of terrorism behind the outages...
    » Al-Qaeda militants attack Yemen-Saudi Arabia border post – reports
    07/04/15 17:41 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Residents say Al-Qaeda militants remain in control of around half of the town.
    » Президент России
    07/04/15 17:27 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Подписан Указ о назначении руково&...
    » oil tanker spill in river - Google Search
    07/04/15 17:27 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Search Results Runaway Ship Rams Two Others on Mississippi River , Causing Oil ... <a href="http://NBCNews.com" rel="nofollow">NBCNews.com</a> - 11 hours ago The river was closed for nine miles as...
    » Fire put out on Russian nuclear submarine in shipyard
    07/04/15 17:13 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W9SLGS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/iframe&amp...
    » Russian nuclear submarine 'on fire' in Arctic dock
    07/04/15 17:13 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . A Russian nuclear submarine has caught fire at an Arctic naval shipyard, Russian media report. Reports say that the fire on the Orel has been contained. Its reactor is not believed to have been at risk. The b...
    » Nuclear submarine catches fire at Russian shipyard — RT News
    07/04/15 17:10 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from RT - News. Published time: April 07, 2015 12:23 Edited time: April 07, 2015 19:30 K-266 Oryol Fire has broken out on a Russian nuclear submarine undergoing repair work at a shipyard in Severodvinsk. The bl...
    » Russian nuclear submarine ablaze at shipyard in Severodvinsk - YouTube
    07/04/15 17:10 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Published on Apr 7, 2015 A fire has broken out on a Russian nuclear submarine undergoing repair work at a shipyard in Severodvinsk. The cause of the fire is believed to be related to welding work. Firefighter...
    » fire on a russian nuclear submarine - Google Search
    07/04/15 17:07 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story . Search Results In the news Nuclear submarine catches fire at Russian shipyard — RT News <a href="http://RT.com" rel="nofollow">RT.com</a> ‎ - 8 hours ago Fire has broken out on a Russi...
    » Russia: Fire on Nuclear Submarine at Repair Yard in Arkhangelsk
    07/04/15 17:03 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
    mikenova shared this story from Infowars. Not known if nuclear missiles were on board.


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